Bezoar, Niu Huang 牛黄Niu Huang (TCM)
Gi Wam གི་ཝང༌ (Tibetan) Fad Zahar Madani, Hajr us Sam (Unani) |
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Bezoar is a stone from the stomach of a quadraped. Classically, it was from the 'Bezoar-Goat’, Capra aegagrus and related species. In the West, it was differentiated into Oriental (Eastern) and Occidental (Western) varieties, the former being regarded as strongest, the latter coming from Europe, South America etc. Today, the Cow and Ox are the common sources and it commands prices of around US$20,000 per kilo, being still regularly used in Unani, Ayurveda, Tibetan Medicine and TCM. The word 'Bezoar' is derived from Arab origins and means a medicine against poison.
Illustration showing a poisoned victim being administered Bezoar
Ortus Sanitatis,, 1491
Ortus Sanitatis,, 1491
'Bezoar Goat', the Traditional source of Bezoar
A Complete History of Drugs, Pomet, London, 1748
A Complete History of Drugs, Pomet, London, 1748
Various Bezoar stones
Metallotheca Vaticani, Mercati, 1719
Metallotheca Vaticani, Mercati, 1719
'Oriental Bezoar' (TCM)
'Occidental Bezoar' (from Peru)
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Calculus Bovis Artificialis (Synthetic Bezoar)
available on the Chinese Market (Adam, 2016) |
Parts used:
The Bezoar of various animals have been used.
Today, Cattle supply the majority of the Natural Bezoar market.
Temperature & Taste:
Cold, dry. Bitter
Classifications:
2B ATTENUATERS
3A. SUDORIFICS & DIAPHORETICS
3B. FEBRIFUGE & ANTIPYRETIC
3C. ALEXIPHARMICS
4c. CARDIAC
TCM:
B. Clear Heat
The Bezoar of various animals have been used.
Today, Cattle supply the majority of the Natural Bezoar market.
Temperature & Taste:
Cold, dry. Bitter
Classifications:
2B ATTENUATERS
3A. SUDORIFICS & DIAPHORETICS
3B. FEBRIFUGE & ANTIPYRETIC
3C. ALEXIPHARMICS
4c. CARDIAC
TCM:
B. Clear Heat
Uses:
1. Clears Heat, Resists Poison (West, TCM, Ayurveda, Tibetan Medicine):
-strong Heat and Poison, Fever
2. Clears Heat and Phlegm, Induces Resuscitation:
3. Clears Wind, Stops Spasms and Convulsions (West, TCM, Ayurveda, Tibetan Medicine):
-spasms and convulsions from high fever
4. Moves the Blood, Promotes Menstruation and Birth:
5. Clears Stones. (West)
Dose:
... available in PRO version
Preparation of Artificial Bezoar::
... available in PRO version
... available in PRO version
Preparation of Artificial Bezoar::
... available in PRO version
Main Combinations:
1. Infantile Fever, Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
2. Childhood Convulsions, Febrile Convulsions:
i. Bezoar, ... available in PRO version
ii. Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
iii. Bezoar, ... available in PRO version
3. Liver Heat:
i. Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
ii. Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
4. Resists Poison and Infection, Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
5. For Heat and Toxin Fever, Inflammation, acute Sore Throat, Toothache etc., Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
6. To clear Heat and Toxin:
i. Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
ii. Boils, Carbuncles, multiple Abscess, Lymphadenitis, Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
iii. Boils, Carbuncles, Sore Throat, Tonsillitis, Mouth Sores: Bezoar, ... available in PRO version
7. Acute severe Sore Throat, Tonsillitis, Pharyngitis from Heat-Toxin:
i. Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
ii. Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
iii. Laryngitis, Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
8. Chronic Fever, Chronic Lung Infection, Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
9. Cerebral Thrombosis, Bezoar with ... available in PRO version
Major Formulas:
The White Powder
Powder for Childhood Convulsions
The Goa Stone
An Gong Niu Huang Wan
Bo Ying Compound
Dian She Wan
Liu Shen Wan
Niu Huang Jie Du Pian
Shi Xiang Fan Sheng Wan
Shuang Liao Hou Feng San
Xi Huang Wan
Zhen Xiang Jiao Nag (Precious Aromatic Capsules) (TCM)
Zhi Bao Dan
Bezoar 9 (Gi wang pa)
Bezoar 13 (Gi wan 13) (Tibetan Medicine)
Bi Ma La (Tibetan Medicine)
Chebula 18 for Urinary Incontinence (Gcin snyi a ru 18)
Crystal Moon 37 (Zla shel so bdun) (Tibetan Medicine)
Emblic 25 (Skyu ru nyer lnga) (Tibetan Medicine)
Pearl 25 (Mu tig nyer lnga) (Tibetan Medicine)
Principle 8 (Gtso bo brgyad pa) (Tibetan Medicine)
Principle 25 (Gtso bo nyer lnga) (Tibetan Medicine)
Powder for Childrens Fever (Tibetan Medicine)
Sandalwood 18 (Tibetan Medicine)
Wish-fulfilling Jewel (Bsam phel nor bu) (Tibetan Medicine)
Cautions:
1. Not used during Pregnancy
2. Only used for conditions with Heat or Poison
Main Preparations used:
1. Not used during Pregnancy
2. Only used for conditions with Heat or Poison
Main Preparations used:
Click the Tabs above for more information on this Medicine
Salmon, Seplasium:
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It is called Belu Zaar in Hebrew ie. dominus veneni; Hager Bezaar in Arabic ie. Lapis Bezoar; Lapis or Lithos Bezoar in Latin and Bezoar in English.
It is brought from Persia, and from East and West Indies; from China, Peru, Chili, Brazil, Mexico, America and other places. It comes to Constantinople from Persia, from Calicut to Portugal, and from Peru to Spain. Two main types are differentiated: Oriental and Occidental, the former being better. The Oriental are also differentiated by their color: Greenish-Black, Yellow, Brown and Greenish, the two latter types being best. The Occidental are of various sizes, brown, yellowish-brown, fox-colored or 'piss burnt color', some almost olive colored. They are various sizes, typically as big as a Nutmeg, hollow, containing a little powder. The best being Greenish or Greenish-black. The best types held in the mouth or put in water dissolve leaving no sand. These are hollow in the middle containing a little sandy dust within which also dissolves. They are found in the stomach of the Deer-Goat. Other similar types of Goats and quadripeds were used as the source in different parts, and Salmon said those from the West Indies came from a type of Deer. In modern times, the Cow is the principle source. Baccius said it is neither hot nor cold, nor moist or dry. Most regarded it as Cold and dry. Used for all types of Fever: Continual, Intermittent, Malign or Pestilential [from the Plague]. Used for Plague and Epidemic Fevers, Measles, Small Pox, Spotted Fevers, and all manner of Poison and Contagion. It was also said to prevail against the poison of Napellus (Aconite). Agricola said it is good for venomous bites such as those of Snakes |
and Rabid Dogs.
'It mightily strengthens the Heart', and is good for Palpitations, Melancholy, Epilepsy, Syncope, Fainting etc. and all chronic diseases proceeding from acidity. 'It is said to restore in Consumptions, and to increase strength and flesh' ... it 'revives the Spirits, refreshes nature and strengthens the whole body'. It was recommended by some for Pneumonia and Pleurisy. Also good for loss of Appetite, Colic, abdominal pain and Dysentery. Amatus said it cures pain of the sides even though violent (possibly acute cholecystitis). Acosta said it promotes Urine and the viscid matter from the Bladder. Cesalpinus said its good for Uterine diseases and obstructed Menstruation. Rod a Castro said it facilitates and hastens Labor, and the powder helps ulcerated Cancers when applied. It is also given for Worms, killing and expelling them. Monardus said the Occidental Bezoar form Peru could be used in the same doses as the Oriental. Dose: 10 grains–1 dram in an appropriate vehicle such as distilled water or essence of Balm, Angelica, Borage, Blessed Thistle, or in wine etc. Salmon said the best Oriental green Bezoar cost 30 to 50 shillings per ounce, but with the plentiful Occidental Bezoar their price had fallen to 20 shillings, the Occidental selling for 5–12 shillings per ounce. He says they are often adulterated and counterfeited with dried blood, chalk, earth, cinnabar etc. |