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Lung & Esophageal Cancer
Lung Cancer is the most life-threatening Cancer in the world due to its high rate of occurrence, it commonly being found at advanced stage, and poor treatment options. Five year survival ranges between 4–17%.
Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal Cancer can occur anywhere along the Esophagus, and usually begins in the cell lining.
Types of Esophageal Cancer
The 2 common types of Esophageal Cancer include
Symptoms may include:
Difficulty Swallowing
Worsening Heartburn or Indigestion
Pain or pressure in the chest
continual irritating Cough or Hoarseness
Weight Loss
Risk factors
GERD (Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease)
Smoking and alcohol consumption
Obesity
Drinking excessively hot liquids
Lack of fruit and vegetable intake
Lung Cancer
Types of Lung Cancer
There are 2 main types of Lung Cancer, with 3 divisions of NSCLC:
Typical early signs of Lung Cancer include coughing, fatigue, shortness of breath, weight loss, hoarseness, chest pains, and wheezing.
Some studies of TCM have showed up to 32% reduced death rate when TCM is added to treatment.
Differentiation of Lung Cancer in TCM
1. Qi and Yin Deficiency
Weak Cough with little phlegm. Fatigue, sweating, hot flashes, palpitations.
2. Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency
Cough and asthma with thin white sputum. chest oppression, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, edema, loose stools.
3. Lung Yin Deficiency
Dry cough without phlegm, sweating, thirsty, irritability, hoarse voice.
4. Qi and Blood Stasis
Cough and dyspnea with hard to clear phlegm. Stabbing or distending pain, subcutaneous hemorrhage, depression and anxiety
5. Heat and Phlegm Obstructing the Lung
Cough with excessive yellow sticky phlegm. Fever, oppression and pain in chest, hemoptysis, thirst.
6. Qi Deficiency with Toxic Heat
Cough is aggravating, and lesions in lung progressed.Weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, chest pain, cancerous fever, hemoptysis, sweating.
Synergistic with Chemo- or Radio-therapy
1. Crocin (from Saffron) significantly improves the chemosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin (see here)
2. Yu Ping Feng San enhances cisplatin effect and hinders resistance (see here)
3. Efficacy and safety of Jianpishengsui for chemotherapy-related fatigue in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal Cancer can occur anywhere along the Esophagus, and usually begins in the cell lining.
Types of Esophageal Cancer
The 2 common types of Esophageal Cancer include
- Adenocarcinoma–form in mucus-secreting cells; usually in lower Esophagus; most common type in US.
- Squamous cell carcinoma–most common in upper and middle Esophagus; most common type worldwide.
Symptoms may include:
Difficulty Swallowing
Worsening Heartburn or Indigestion
Pain or pressure in the chest
continual irritating Cough or Hoarseness
Weight Loss
Risk factors
GERD (Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease)
Smoking and alcohol consumption
Obesity
Drinking excessively hot liquids
Lack of fruit and vegetable intake
Lung Cancer
Types of Lung Cancer
There are 2 main types of Lung Cancer, with 3 divisions of NSCLC:
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
- Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LUSC)
- Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD)
- Large cell carcinoma (LCC).
Typical early signs of Lung Cancer include coughing, fatigue, shortness of breath, weight loss, hoarseness, chest pains, and wheezing.
Some studies of TCM have showed up to 32% reduced death rate when TCM is added to treatment.
Differentiation of Lung Cancer in TCM
1. Qi and Yin Deficiency
Weak Cough with little phlegm. Fatigue, sweating, hot flashes, palpitations.
2. Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency
Cough and asthma with thin white sputum. chest oppression, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, edema, loose stools.
3. Lung Yin Deficiency
Dry cough without phlegm, sweating, thirsty, irritability, hoarse voice.
4. Qi and Blood Stasis
Cough and dyspnea with hard to clear phlegm. Stabbing or distending pain, subcutaneous hemorrhage, depression and anxiety
5. Heat and Phlegm Obstructing the Lung
Cough with excessive yellow sticky phlegm. Fever, oppression and pain in chest, hemoptysis, thirst.
6. Qi Deficiency with Toxic Heat
Cough is aggravating, and lesions in lung progressed.Weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, chest pain, cancerous fever, hemoptysis, sweating.
Synergistic with Chemo- or Radio-therapy
1. Crocin (from Saffron) significantly improves the chemosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin (see here)
2. Yu Ping Feng San enhances cisplatin effect and hinders resistance (see here)
3. Efficacy and safety of Jianpishengsui for chemotherapy-related fatigue in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
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Western Tradition
Simples
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Chinese Classification
Simples
Formulas
Bai He Gu Jin Tang Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang Sha She Mai Men Dong Tang Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang Zhen Xiang Jiao Nag Ping Xiao Capsules (TCM Patent) For use during Chemo- and Radio-therapy Xiang Sha Liu Jun Zi Tang Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang |
Special Formula
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For 'Lung Ulcer'
(often overlaps Lung Cancer) Comfrey root 1 oz. Tragacanth Cooling Powder 2 scruples Conserve of Rose Mastic Nutmeg Storax Frankincense 1 scruple each. With Diascordium, form an Electuary. (Gazophylacium Medico-Physicum, Woyts, 1746) Modern Chinese Combination Peach kernel Rhubarb Paeonia Mu Dan Pi This combination has been studied. It showed 29 chemical compounds with anti-cancer effect working on 141 therapeutic targets in Lung cancer. (see here) Bu Fei Decoction Mulberry bark (Sang Bai Pi) 12 grams Astragalus Huang Qi 24 grams Rehmannia Shu Di Huang 15–24 grams Aster Zi Wan 9 grams Ginseng 9 grams (or Codonopsis 15 grams) Schisandra Wu Wei Zi 6 grams This is a commonly used TCM formula for Lung deficiency and chronic Lung disease. It has a proven effective against Non-small cell lung cancer. (see here) He Chan Tablet Pinellia Ban Xia Toad skin (Chan Pi) Ranunculus ternatus Mao Zhao Cao Ginseng (Ren Shen) Asparagus Tian Men Dong Lepidium Ting Li Z Agrimonia Xian He Cao Houttuynia Yu Xing Cao Fritillaria Zhe Bei Mu This formula has been approved by the China National Medical Products Administration for use in Lung Cancer and has been used for several decades. (See here) Zi Long Jin Tablet Dang Gui Solanum nigrum Long Kui Solanum lyratum Bai Mao Teng Astragalus Huang Qi This has also been licensed for use in Lung Cancer and other Cancers in China. For Lung Cancer Solanum lyratum Bai Mao Teng Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao Lobelia root Ban Bian Lian Scutellaria Ban Zhi Lian Take 2 oz. of each of the fresh herbs (1 oz. dry) and decoct in water to be taken as common drink throughout the day (Barefoot Doctors Manual) For Lung Cancer Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao 60g Lithospermum Zi Cao Gen 60 grams Peucedanum Qian Hu 30 grams Bezoar (Niu Huang) 10g. Use powdered extracts of the herbs, add the Bezoar. Dose: 1.5 grams, three times daily. (Chen & Chen) Lung and Throat Cancer Astragalus Huang Qi Hedyotis Bai hua she she cao Scutellaria Ban Zhi Lian Black Nightshade (Long Kui) Sophora Shan Dou Gen Licorice Esophageal Cancer Dioscorea bulbifera Huang Yao Zi Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao Scutellaria barbata Ban Zhi Lian Cremastra Shan Ci Gu Licorice Astragalus Huang Qi Qi Yu San Long Astragalus Huang Qi 30 grams Solanum nigrum (Long Kui) 20 grams Gecko (Ge Jie) 6 grams Earthworm (Di Long) 6 grams Euphorbia helioscopia Ze Qi 6 grams Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao 20 grams Zedoary (E Zhu) 10 grams Coix Yi Yi Ren 20 grams Polygonatum Yu Zhu 10 grams Fritillaria Chuan Bei Mu 6 grams This formula was created by Professor Han Ming Xiang and has been used clinically for 20 years with reported 'pronounced efficacy in Lung Cancer' (See research here and here) |
Yi Qi Chu Tan Decoction
Pinellia Ban Xia 15 g Ginseng, 30 g Fritillaria Zhe Bei Mu 15 grams Pleione Shan Ci Gu 15 grams This was studied and found to inhibit transplanted growth of three types of Lung Cancer as well as inhibiting angiogenesis. It has been used along with chemotherapy in advanced Non-small cell lung cancer with good effect (See here) Fuzheng Kang’ai decoction Designed for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Pseudostellaria Tai zi shen 30 grams Atractylodes Bai zhu 15 grams Astragalus Huang qi 30 grams Hedyotis Bai hua she she cao 30 grams Solanum Long kui (Black Nightshade) 30 grams Salvia chinensis Shi jian chun 30 grams Cremastra Shan ci gu 30 grams Coix Yi yi ren 30 grams Akebia quinata Ba yue zha 30 grams Rubus parviflolius She pao le 30 grams Zedoary (E zhu) 15 grams Licorice Gan cao 10 grams It has been shown to have greater efficacy with Gefitinib than Gefitinib alone. It also was shown to prevent metastasis of Lung Cancer. Yang Yin Jie Du Decoction Astragalus Huang Qi Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong Paris Chong Lou Ligustrum Nu Zhen Zi Gynostemma Jiao Gu Lan This has been studied and found effective to induce apoptosis in Lung cancer. (See research here) Fei Yan Ning Formula Astragalus Huang Qi Polygonatum Huang Jing Atractylodes Bai Zhu Cornus Shan Zhu Yu Paris Chong Lou Wasp Nest (Feng Fang) Salvia Dan Shen Cremastra Shan Ci Gu Toad Skin (Chan Pi) Ganoderma Ling Zhi Epimedium Yin Yang Huo This has proven efficacy against NSCLC (see research here) Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang. Mulberry leaf (Sang Ye) 9 grams Gypsum (Shi Gao) 20 grams Ophiopogon Mai Men Dong 9 grams Licorice (Gan Cao) 6 grams Black Sesame (Hu Ma Ren) 3 grams Cannabis seed (Huo Ma Ren) 6 grams Ass hide glue (E Jiao) 6 grams Apricot seed (Xing Ren) 9 grams Ginseng (Ren Shen) 6 grams (or Codonopsis 15 gms) L:oquat leaf (Pi Pa Ye) 9 grams In a study of over 23,000 Lung cancer patients who used TCM, there was a 32% decrease in death rate. The most effective formula was found to be Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang. (See research here) Hangamdan S Cordyceps Ginseng Myrrh (Mo Yao) Bezoar (Niu Huang) Pearl Frankincense (Ru Xiang) Notoginseng San Qi Cremastra Shan Ci Gu This is a Korean Medicine used in Cancer therapy. It was found effective for Metastatic Lung Cancer (from Bladder Cancer). (See a case history here) |
Possible Lung Cancer in a Traditional text
"... but the following diseases, about which I am now going to speak, have been only seen by me on very rare occasions. Now, a man [begins] to cough suddenly, and he bringeth up chyme which is like fresh bile, and the colour of which is between red and yellow (i.e.,reddish-yellow), and which contains no acidity whatsoever. From this time onward the man spitteth more and more each day, and at length attacks of subtle fevers seize him, his body beginneth to diminish, and he beginneth to spit pus, and after a period of about four months he bringeth up a little blood with the pus, and he is attacked by fever and inflammation. And again, after a little, he spitteth copiously; and he also wasteth away rapidly, and after this the fever increases, and in this way his strength is turned into weakness, and he dieth, in the same way as those who are attacked by the sickness of phthisis die.
"I saw another man also who was ill in exactly the same way for six months, and I saw another man also who was ill in exactly the same way, only more seriously. He whom I had seen first of all did not seem to me in the beginning of his illness to have anything bad in his condition, but subsequently it became well known that he had, and I knew only too well that he was in evil case. When, however, I saw the second man I knew at once, from the very beginning, that I
must treat him with the greatest possible care, and hence forth I treated both of them with the greatest care. Neither of them lived, however, nor any other man after them who was attacked by the same disease, for they all spat (blood]
before their end, and they brought up portions of the lungs that had become rotten. Therefore I knew well that a certain disease had attacked them which was like unto that which taketh place in the external members when they become saturated and decay through the fluid of corruption; only, in the case of the external members it is possible for the physician to cut them off, and, before this, to cauterize them, but with the lungs it is not possible for him to do |either of these things, and therefore they all perish.
"Now when I saw the second man, it seemed to me that I might be able to dry up the lungs forcibly by means of the aromatic drugs and draughts that were good for them, and I therefore ordered him to draw in the odour of that drug which is called “hedrôkhnôn” the whole day long, and I held it to his nose, and he inhaled the odour of it continually. And I also ordered him to keep his nostrils anointed at all times with one of the unguents that are compounded of drugs of very sweet smell, namely, that which they call “Pôrâțôsîpîşà”. And I gave him to drink draughts of the potion which is called “Metdôrîțôs”, and “Ambrosia”, and "Immortality”, and “Türķe”, but even with these things and drinking these drinks he only lingered for a year, and at length, in the same manner as those who have phthisis, he too died. Now he lingered a long time because of the course of treatment which we have described." (From the Syrian 'Book of Medicine', translated by Budge, 1913)
"I saw another man also who was ill in exactly the same way for six months, and I saw another man also who was ill in exactly the same way, only more seriously. He whom I had seen first of all did not seem to me in the beginning of his illness to have anything bad in his condition, but subsequently it became well known that he had, and I knew only too well that he was in evil case. When, however, I saw the second man I knew at once, from the very beginning, that I
must treat him with the greatest possible care, and hence forth I treated both of them with the greatest care. Neither of them lived, however, nor any other man after them who was attacked by the same disease, for they all spat (blood]
before their end, and they brought up portions of the lungs that had become rotten. Therefore I knew well that a certain disease had attacked them which was like unto that which taketh place in the external members when they become saturated and decay through the fluid of corruption; only, in the case of the external members it is possible for the physician to cut them off, and, before this, to cauterize them, but with the lungs it is not possible for him to do |either of these things, and therefore they all perish.
"Now when I saw the second man, it seemed to me that I might be able to dry up the lungs forcibly by means of the aromatic drugs and draughts that were good for them, and I therefore ordered him to draw in the odour of that drug which is called “hedrôkhnôn” the whole day long, and I held it to his nose, and he inhaled the odour of it continually. And I also ordered him to keep his nostrils anointed at all times with one of the unguents that are compounded of drugs of very sweet smell, namely, that which they call “Pôrâțôsîpîşà”. And I gave him to drink draughts of the potion which is called “Metdôrîțôs”, and “Ambrosia”, and "Immortality”, and “Türķe”, but even with these things and drinking these drinks he only lingered for a year, and at length, in the same manner as those who have phthisis, he too died. Now he lingered a long time because of the course of treatment which we have described." (From the Syrian 'Book of Medicine', translated by Budge, 1913)
Research
–Medicinal Plants and Other Living Organisms with Antitumor Potential against Lung Cancer
–Clinical application and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of lung cancer
–Traditional Chinese medicine and lung cancer--From theory to practice.
–Long-Term Effectiveness of Combined Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine on the Prognosis of Patients with Lung Cancer
Cannabis
–Preclinical and Clinical Assessment of Cannabinoids as Anti-Cancer Agents
–Striking lung cancer response to self-administration of cannabidiol: A case report and literature review
Carthamus
–Safflower polysaccharide induces NSCLC cell apoptosis by inhibition of the Akt pathway.
–Anti-tumor activity of safflower polysaccharide (SPS) and effect on cytotoxicity of CTL cells, NK cells of T739 lung cancer in mice.
Catharanthus
–Safety and Efficacy of Vinorelbine in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Coptis
–Effects of Coptis extract combined with chemotherapeutic agents on ROS production, multidrug resistance, and cell growth in A549 human lung cancer cells
Panax
–Immunoregulatory mechanism studies of ginseng leaves on lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Peganum
-Suppression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis by a Novel Small Molecular Activator of RECK.
Prunella
–Chemoprevention by Prunella vulgaris L. extract of non-small cell lung cancer
Rabdosia
–Oridonin inhibits the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway.
–Ponicidin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid derived from a constituent of the herbal supplement PC-SPES, Rabdosia rubescens, induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and mitochondrial events in lung cancer cells in vitro.
–Oridonin enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells by upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2.
–Oridonin inhibits mTOR signaling and the growth of lung cancer tumors.
–Targeting AKT with Oridonin Inhibits Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and Patient-Derived Xenografts In Vivo.
–[Potentiation by Rabdosia rubescens on chemotherapy of advanced esophageal carcinoma].
–Involvement of Glutathione Depletion in Selective Cytotoxicity of Oridonin to p53-Mutant Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells.
–OP16 induces deadly autophagy and apoptosis of cells by inhibiting Akt in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
–Oridonin-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf pathways.
–Gene expression profiling and pathway network analysis of anti-tumor activity by Jaridon 6 in esophageal cancer.
–Jaridonin-induced G2/M phase arrest in human esophageal cancer cells is caused by reactive oxygen species-dependent Cdc2-tyr15 phosphorylation via ATM-Chk1/2-Cdc25C pathway.
–Preliminary-study of the effect of selected chinese natural drugs on human ovarian-cancer cells.
Rheum
–A Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Anticancer Mechanism and Potential Active Ingredients of Rheum palmatum L. Against Lung Cancer via Induction of Apoptosis
Ruta
–Anti-tumor and Cytotoxic effects were demonstrated by a 70% ethanol extract of Herba Rutae against a number of human tumor cell lines including Prostate adenocarinoma and Large Cell Lung Carcinoma
Scutellaria barbata
–In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of scutebarbatine A on human lung carcinoma A549 cell lines.
Salvia Dan Shen
–Danshen improves survival of patients with advanced lung cancer and targeting the relationship between macrophages and lung cancer cells
Solanum
–Screening of Stat3 inhibitory effects of Korean herbal medicines in the A549 human lung cancer cell line
Formulas
–Traditional Chinese Medicine Xihuang Wan Inhibited Lewis Lung Carcinoma in a Syngeneic Model, Equivalent to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, by Altering Multiple Signaling Pathways
–Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology.
–Clinical application and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of lung cancer
–Traditional Chinese medicine and lung cancer--From theory to practice.
–Long-Term Effectiveness of Combined Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine on the Prognosis of Patients with Lung Cancer
Cannabis
–Preclinical and Clinical Assessment of Cannabinoids as Anti-Cancer Agents
–Striking lung cancer response to self-administration of cannabidiol: A case report and literature review
Carthamus
–Safflower polysaccharide induces NSCLC cell apoptosis by inhibition of the Akt pathway.
–Anti-tumor activity of safflower polysaccharide (SPS) and effect on cytotoxicity of CTL cells, NK cells of T739 lung cancer in mice.
Catharanthus
–Safety and Efficacy of Vinorelbine in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Coptis
–Effects of Coptis extract combined with chemotherapeutic agents on ROS production, multidrug resistance, and cell growth in A549 human lung cancer cells
Panax
–Immunoregulatory mechanism studies of ginseng leaves on lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
Peganum
-Suppression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Growth and Metastasis by a Novel Small Molecular Activator of RECK.
Prunella
–Chemoprevention by Prunella vulgaris L. extract of non-small cell lung cancer
Rabdosia
–Oridonin inhibits the migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of small cell lung cancer cells by suppressing FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway.
–Ponicidin, an ent-kaurane diterpenoid derived from a constituent of the herbal supplement PC-SPES, Rabdosia rubescens, induces apoptosis by activation of caspase-3 and mitochondrial events in lung cancer cells in vitro.
–Oridonin enhances the radiosensitivity of lung cancer cells by upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2.
–Oridonin inhibits mTOR signaling and the growth of lung cancer tumors.
–Targeting AKT with Oridonin Inhibits Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro and Patient-Derived Xenografts In Vivo.
–[Potentiation by Rabdosia rubescens on chemotherapy of advanced esophageal carcinoma].
–Involvement of Glutathione Depletion in Selective Cytotoxicity of Oridonin to p53-Mutant Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells.
–OP16 induces deadly autophagy and apoptosis of cells by inhibiting Akt in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
–Oridonin-induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf pathways.
–Gene expression profiling and pathway network analysis of anti-tumor activity by Jaridon 6 in esophageal cancer.
–Jaridonin-induced G2/M phase arrest in human esophageal cancer cells is caused by reactive oxygen species-dependent Cdc2-tyr15 phosphorylation via ATM-Chk1/2-Cdc25C pathway.
–Preliminary-study of the effect of selected chinese natural drugs on human ovarian-cancer cells.
Rheum
–A Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Anticancer Mechanism and Potential Active Ingredients of Rheum palmatum L. Against Lung Cancer via Induction of Apoptosis
Ruta
–Anti-tumor and Cytotoxic effects were demonstrated by a 70% ethanol extract of Herba Rutae against a number of human tumor cell lines including Prostate adenocarinoma and Large Cell Lung Carcinoma
Scutellaria barbata
–In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of scutebarbatine A on human lung carcinoma A549 cell lines.
Salvia Dan Shen
–Danshen improves survival of patients with advanced lung cancer and targeting the relationship between macrophages and lung cancer cells
Solanum
–Screening of Stat3 inhibitory effects of Korean herbal medicines in the A549 human lung cancer cell line
Formulas
–Traditional Chinese Medicine Xihuang Wan Inhibited Lewis Lung Carcinoma in a Syngeneic Model, Equivalent to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, by Altering Multiple Signaling Pathways
–Uncovering the Anti-Lung-Cancer Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY2004 by Network Pharmacology.