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Stoechas, Stoechas

Cassidonie
Ustukhuddus (Unani)
Picture
Picture
Arabian Stoechas
Gart der Gesundheit, Cuba, 1485

Picture
Stoechas
Ortus Sanitatis
, Meydenbach, 1491

Picture
New Kreuterbuch, Matthiolus, 1563

Picture
(Photo by Carsten Niehaus) (Wikimedia)

Botanical name:
Lavandula stoechas
Salmon listed 5 varieties.

Parts used:
Flowers

Temperature & Taste:
Warm, dry. Bitter, pungent

Classifications:
2A APERIENT.    2F. PURIFYING.    2H. CARMINATIVE.    2U. SUPPURATIVE
3G. EMMENAGOGUE.    3M. ARTHRITIC
4a. CEPHALIC.    4j. NERVINE
Preparers and Purgers of Phlegm

Uses:
1. Moves the Qi, Calms the Liver:

-Depression, Nervous Headaches and Poor circulation from Liver constraint.
-Physical and Nervous exhaustion, Nervous Palpitations, especially in nervous individuals.
-as an aromatic Bitter to calm and regulate the Digestion.
-'resolves all obstructions of the Liver, Spleen and other viscera'. (Salmon)
-Hysteria
    
2. Clears Wind-Phlegm from the Brain:
-great cleanser and strengthener of the Brain (Unani)
-Mesue regarded it as a useful purge of Phlegm and Black Bile from the Brain, although slow
-clears Phlegm, opens obstructions and strengthens the Intellect.
-Melancholy, Insomnia, Epilepsy, Apoplexy, Paralysis and Lethargy.
-Chronic Sinusitis.
    
3. Benefits the Heart:
-'cheers the Heart, revives the Spirits'
    
4. Clears Phlegm, Stops Cough:
-Cough, Bronchitis, Wheezing
-Schroder said ‘In diseases of the Breast, it is as good as Hyssop’.
    
5. Resists Poison:
-‘a great counter-poison’ (Culpeper)
-'resists Poison, and the infection of the Plague, and all other infectious diseases' (Salmon)
-Bites of Rabid Dogs (acid tincture, internally and externally)
    
6. Clears Cold and Damp, Promotes Urine:
-in formula for Gout, Arthritis, Rheumatism
-Stones.
-Cold and Damp pain
    
7. Externally:
-rubefacient
-applied to Burns and Scalds (oil)
-applied to Varicose veins (oil)
-used as a wash for the Head in various Nervous diseases.
-aches, pains, cramps (herb boiled in oil)
-commonly used in herb sachets and fumigations (to calm and clear the Mind).


Dose:
Powder: 1–3 grams (up to 5 grams)
Infusion or Brief Decoction: 3–9 grams
Juice: 1–2 spoonfuls in wine
Tincture or Acid Tincture: 1–2 spoonfuls diluted
Distilled Oil: 3–6 drops, up to 8 drops, added to sugar and dissolved in wine

Correctives:
Lemon juice and other sours

Substitutes:
1. Calamus
2. Lavender
3. Dodder herb
4. Self Heal (Prunella vulgaris) is a substitute for Stoechas in Unani medicine.

Main Combinations:
1. Migraine, Epilepsy, Apoplexy, Paralysis, Lethargy, Trembling, Cramps:
i. Stoechas with Vinegar of Squill
ii. Stoechas with Calamint, Oregano, Thyme, Betony, Sage, Rosemary, Peony, Rue (as in Syrup of Stoechas)
2. Dizziness, Vertigo, Stoechas with Eyebright, Thyme, Betony, Rosemary, Aniseed, Peony root, Clove, Aloeswood (as in Tincture for Vertigo)
3. Arthritic conditions, combine Stoechas with Ground Pine.
4. Promote Menstruation, Stoechas with Celery root, Pennyroyal, Bay berry, Zedoary
5. Hysteria, Stoechas with Valerian, Peony root
6. Melancholy:
i. Stoechas with Indian Salt
ii. Stoechas with Bugloss for oppression and sadness of the Heart.
iii. Stoechas with Polypody, Dodder, Senna and Black Myrobalan

Major Formulas:
Triphala Electuary of Stoechas (Itrifal Ustukhuddus)
Decoction of Dodder of Thyme (Mesue)
Decoction of Thyme (Mesue)
Decoction to Warm the Head
Syrup of Stoechas (Fernelius)
Syrup of Stoechas (Judeus)
Pills for Cataracts

Confection of Stoechas
Extraordinary Confection for Epilepsy
Theriac for Pain in the Head
Tincture for Vertigo


1. Compound Syrup of Stoechas:
i. Cinnamon (1 part), Ginger, Calamus (2 parts each), Fresh leaves of Fennel, Rue, Rosemary, Sage, Thyme, Stoechas (8 parts each), Water (500 parts). Distil 70 parts and with White Sugar (128 parts), form a syrup in a water-bath. (Pharmacopee Usuelle, Louvain, 1821)
ii. Dried Stoechas (3 oz.), Thyme tops (4 ½ oz.), Sage, Rosemary (6 drams each), Rue seed, Fennel seed (4 ½ drams each), Cinnamon, Ginger, Calamus (2 drams each), Water (8 lbs.). Macerate 2 days in a covered vessel, then distil half a pound and with White Sugar (1 pound); strain the residue with expression and add White Sugar (4 pounds) and dissolve; add the 2 syrups together. (Pharmacopoeia Gallica, 1818)
iii. Stoechas (2 oz.), Rosemary (2 drams), Mountain Calamint, Oregano, Thyme (3 drams each), Betony, Sage (2 drams), Aniseed, Peony seed, Calamus, Cinnamon, Ginger (1 dram each), Boiling Water (1 pound). Macerate 2 days in a warm place, express, and to 9 oz. of liquor add White Sugar (16 oz.), boil and strain. (Pharmacopoeia Wirtembergica, 1798)

Cautions:
1. Not used during pregnancy
2. Not suitable in those with Heat and dryness (causes thirst and fainting–Salmon)

Main Preparations used:
Syrup

1. Syrup of Stoechas:
i. Stoechas (1 oz.), Distilled Water of Stoechas (2 lbs.). Digest in a water-bath for 2 hours and add to the strained liquor White Sugar (twice the quantity). Dissolve in a water-bath, strain through flannel. Dose: ½–2 drams. (Pharmacopoeia Gallica, 1818)

  • Extra Info
  • Research
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GENERAL / REVIEW
–Mediterranean Lavenders from Section Stoechas: An Undervalued Source of Secondary Metabolites with Pharmacological Potential.
–Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula stoechas L.
–Essential oils from wild populations of Algerian Lavandula stoechas L.: composition, chemical variability, and in vitro biological properties.
–The chemical constituents and biological activity of essential oil of Lavandula stoechas ssp. stoechas.

ANTIBACTERIAL
–Essential Oil Compositions and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Lavandula stoechas Cultivars Grown in Thailand.
–In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity Screening of Ethanol Extract of Lavandula stoechas and Investigation of Its Biochemical Composition.
–Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies of Essential Oil of Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri.
–Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas growing wild in Turkey.
–Chemical compositions and antibacterial effects of essential oils of Turkish oregano (Origanum minutiflorum), bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), Spanish lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) on common foodborne pathogens.

ANTIFUNGAL
–Chemical composition, seasonal variability, and antifungal activity of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas essential oils from stem/leaves and flowers.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
–Anti-inflammatory activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Lavandula dentata L. and Lavandula stoechas L.
–Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies of Essential Oil of Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri.

ANTIOXIDANT
–Essential Oil Compositions and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Five Lavandula stoechas Cultivars Grown in Thailand.
–Physico-Chemical Parameters, Phenolic Profile, In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Volatile Compounds of Ladastacho (Lavandula stoechas) from the Region of Saidona.
–Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies of Essential Oil of Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri.

ANALGESIC
–Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies of Essential Oil of Lavandula stoechas subsp. luisieri.

SEDATIVE
–Ethnopharmacological evaluation of the anticonvulsant, sedative and antispasmodic activities of Lavandula stoechas L.

ANTISPASMODIC / ANTICONVULSANT
–Ethnopharmacological evaluation of the anticonvulsant, sedative and antispasmodic activities of Lavandula stoechas L.

SINUSITIS
–Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens.

HEPATOPROTECTIVE
–Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Effects of Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) Essential Oils Against Malathion-Induced Oxidative Stress in Young Male Mice.
NEUROPROTECTIVE
–Mediterranean Shrub Species as a Source of Biomolecules against Neurodegenerative Diseases.
–Protective effects of Lavandula stoechas L. methanol extract against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells.

ANXIETY
–Adaptogenic activity of Cinnamomum camphora, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula stœchas and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil used in North-African folk medicine.

DEMENTIA
–In vitro and Ex vivo study targeting the development of a Lavandula stoechas L. (Ustukhuddūs) loaded Unani Transdermal patch: Implication of Unani Medicine in the treatment of Nisyan (Dementia).
–Lavandula stoechas (L) a Very Potent Antioxidant Attenuates Dementia in Scopolamine Induced Memory Deficit Mice.

MEMORY
–Biomolecular Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. for Nootropic Activity.
–Lavandula stoechas (L) a Very Potent Antioxidant Attenuates Dementia in Scopolamine Induced Memory Deficit Mice.

NEPHROPROTECTIVE
–Hepatoprotective and Renoprotective Effects of Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) Essential Oils Against Malathion-Induced Oxidative Stress in Young Male Mice.

METABOLIC SYNDROME
–Ameliorative potential of Lavandula stoechas in metabolic syndrome via multitarget interactions.

DIABETES
–Antihyperglycemic potential of the Lavandula stoechas aqueous extract via inhibition of digestive enzymes and reduction of intestinal glucose absorption.
–Antihyperglycemic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Selective Medicinal Plants Curcuma longa, Lavandula stoechas, Aegle marmelos, and Glycyrrhiza glabra and Their Polyherbal Preparation in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice.
–Protective Effect of Lavandula stoechas and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils against reproductive damage and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
–Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) essential oils attenuate hyperglycemia and protect against oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
–Hypoglycemic activity in various species of the genus Lavandula. Part 1: Lavandula stoechas L. and Lavandula multifida L.

REPRODUCTIVE PROTECTIVE
–Lavandula stoechas essential oils protect against Malathion-induces reproductive disruptions in male mice.
–Protective Effect of Lavandula stoechas and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils against reproductive damage and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

LABOR PAIN
–The Effect of Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) on Reducing Labor Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

CANCER
–A New Eucalyptol-Rich Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) Essential Oil: Emerging Potential for Therapy against Inflammation and Cancer.

WOUND HEALING:
–The Effect of Lavandula stoechas on Wound Healing in an Experimental Diabetes Model.

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