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Chamomila, Camomile
Bubunaj (Unani)
Herbarius latinus, Petri, 1485
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Matricaria Anthemis
Icones Plantarum Medcio-oeconomico, Vietz, 1800
Icones Plantarum Medcio-oeconomico, Vietz, 1800
Matricaria
Botanische wandplaten, 1904–1914
Botanische wandplaten, 1904–1914
Matricaria recutita
Koehler's Medizinal Pflanzen, 1887 |
Anthemis nobilis
An Encyclopaedia of useful and ornamental Plants, Burnett, 1852 |
Botanical name:
Anthemis nobilis–Garden or Roman Camomile
Matricaria recutita (syn. M. camomilla)–German Camomile (most used)
Parts used:
Flowers
Temperature & Taste:
Cool (mildly Warm in Unani), dry. Bitter
digests, loosens, mollifies, eases pain
Classifications:
2B ATTENUATER. 2I. ANTISPASMODIC. 2J. RAREFYING. 2K. RESOLVENT.
2L. EMOLLIENT. 2Q. ANODYNE. 2U. SUPPURATIVE
3A. SUDORIFICS & DIAPHORETICS. 3F. LITHONTRIPTIC. 3G. EMMENAGOGUE.
3K. EXPECTORANT
4a. CEPHALIC. 4d. PECTORAL. 4j. NERVINE
Anthemis nobilis–Garden or Roman Camomile
Matricaria recutita (syn. M. camomilla)–German Camomile (most used)
Parts used:
Flowers
Temperature & Taste:
Cool (mildly Warm in Unani), dry. Bitter
digests, loosens, mollifies, eases pain
Classifications:
2B ATTENUATER. 2I. ANTISPASMODIC. 2J. RAREFYING. 2K. RESOLVENT.
2L. EMOLLIENT. 2Q. ANODYNE. 2U. SUPPURATIVE
3A. SUDORIFICS & DIAPHORETICS. 3F. LITHONTRIPTIC. 3G. EMMENAGOGUE.
3K. EXPECTORANT
4a. CEPHALIC. 4d. PECTORAL. 4j. NERVINE
Uses:
1. Clears Wind-Heat, Resists Poison:
-colds, flu, fever headaches, aches and pains
-Fevers, including Intermittent
-Sore Throat, Conjunctivitis, Hay-fever, dermatitis
-good for pain and inflammations
2. Clears Heat, settles the Mind and Nerves:
-irritability, insomnia, anxiety
-‘Preventative and sole certain remedy for Nightmare’
-Strengthens the Brain and the Vital Spirit' (Mahadevadeva)
3. Clears Liver Heat, clears Damp-Heat:
-swelling, inflammation and hardness of the Liver
-difficult Urination; Edema; Stones
-Jaundice
4. Moves the Blood, clears Stasis:
-‘cold and hard swellings, all aches, bruises, cramps, shrinking of sinews’ (Culpeper)
-Scrofula, Tumors
-‘Excellent help to bring down women’s courses’ (Culpeper)
-Menopause, PMT, Dysmenorrhea
-expels Afterbirth
5. Clears Heat, Promotes Digestion:
-Colic, nausea, vomiting, indigestion, heartburn
-Irritable Bowel, Ulcerative Colitis, Gastro-duodenal Ulcers
6. Externally:
-used in Anodynes, Emollients, Enemas, Cataplasms, and to Ripen
-Acne, Eczema, Dermatitis, Herpes
-Burns, Scalds
-Tumors and Swellings
-foul or infected Wounds or Ulcers, especially torpid Ulcers of the legs.
-poultice can prevent formation of Gangrene
-Hemorrhoids, Varicose Veins
-good for Bruises and Contusions.
-useful mouthwash in Measles, Scarlet Fever, and Mumps of children.
-very good for Cramps when used in the form of a hot pack.
-Boiled in Milk or Vinegar, it is a good application to swollen glands anywhere on the body.
-Chewed for sores and ulcers of the Mouth
-topically for sore, red, inflamed Eyes; the vapor can be exposed to the eyes (West, Unani)
Dose:
Powder: 1–3 grams;
Infusion or Brief Decoction: 3–9 grams
Correctives:
1. Honey
2. Iron Pyrite
3. Rose oil (for external use) (Unani)
Substitutes:
1. Yarrow (Avicenna)
2. Chrysanthemum (Camomile is known as Xi Ju Hua–'Western Chrysanthemum' in China)
Powder: 1–3 grams;
Infusion or Brief Decoction: 3–9 grams
Correctives:
1. Honey
2. Iron Pyrite
3. Rose oil (for external use) (Unani)
Substitutes:
1. Yarrow (Avicenna)
2. Chrysanthemum (Camomile is known as Xi Ju Hua–'Western Chrysanthemum' in China)
Main Combinations:
Agrimony & Camomile
Calm the Mind and Nerves:
1. Insomnia, Restlessness:
i. Camomile, Balm
ii. Camomile, Violet, Rose
iii. Camomile, Poppy seed
2. Anxiety:
i. Camomile, Valerian, Peony
ii. Camomile, Wormwood, Aniseed
3. Anxiety with Depression:
i. Camomile, Balm, St. John's wort, Valerian
ii. Camomile, Wormwood, Balm, Aniseed
4. Nightmares in children, Camomile with Balm and St. Johns wort
5. Benefit the Mind and Nerves in children:
i. Camomile, Balm
ii. Camomile, Rosemary, Sage, St. Johns wort, Balm, Aniseed, Licorice
6. Spasms,
i. Camomile, Valerian
ii. Camomile, Peony, Mistletoe
iii. Camomile with Honeysuckle and Linden flower (Formulaire Magistral et Memorial Pharmaceutique, 1823)
Stomach, Abdomen:
7. As a Carminative, Cephalic, Stomachic, Cardiac, Hysteric, Nephritic and Alexipharmic against Epidemic infection and Poison, Camomile with Orange peel, Wormwood, Centaury, Pennyroyal, Aniseed, Blessed Thistle (as in Carminative Water)
8. Carminative, Camomile with Aniseed, Fennel seed, Cumin, Caraway (as in Carminative Decoction)
9. Abdominal pain:
i. Camomile, Mint, Wormwood, Fennel seed
ii. Camomile with Rue, Marjoram, Pennyroyal, Rosemary, Cumin, Aniseed (Wizrtung)
10. Gastritis, Peptic Ulcer, Stomach pain, Cholecystitis Camomile with Centaury, Gentian, Senna leaf, Blessed Thistle seed (as in Bitter Decoction)
11. Intestinal spasms and cramps, Camomile with Valerian, Peppermint, Caraway
12. Heartburn and Nausea, Camomile with Balm and Peppermint
Clear Heat:
13. Fever:
i. in children, Camomile, Balm, Mint
ii. Camomile Water with Syrup of Endive (Herbarium Horstianum, 1630)
14. Allergic Rhinitis:
i. Camomile, Feverfew, Eyebright
ii. Camomile, Peppermint, Elder flower, Nettle
15. Heat-type Cough in children: Camomile, Plantain leaf
16. Liver Heat:
i. Camomile, Balm
ii. Camomile, Chrysanthemum Ju Hua
iii. Camomile, Gentian, Agrimony, Peppermint
Gynecology:
18. To promote Menstruation and relieve menstrual pain, Camomile with Rue, Yarrow, Camomile, Orange peel, Fennel seed
19. Menstrual pain, Camomile with Oregano, Mugwort, Camomile, Mint (as in Infusion for Painful Menstruation of Matthioli)
20. Menopause, Camomile with St. Johns wort, Balm, Valerian and Rosehip
Other:
21. Consumption, Camomile with Marshmallow and Licorice (Formulaire Magistral et Memorial Pharmaceutique, 1823)
22. Gravel and Stones, Camomile with Knotgrass, Shepherds Purse, Agrimony, Horsetail (as in Decoction for Stones)
Externally:
23. Oil for Bruises, Burns, Scalds, Wounds, Inflammation, Pain, Camomile with Sage, Wormwood, Marshmallow (as in Green Oil)
24. Plaster for Nerve and Joint pain, Camomile with Mastic, Turpentine, Rosemary, Betony, St. Johns wort, Madder and Earthworm (as in Nerve Plaster)
25. Emollient for Tumors, Camomile, Betony, Marshmallow
26. Tinnitus, as a topical oil Camomile with Meliot, Marjoram, Sage (Wirtzung)
27. Inflammation of the mouth or throat, Camomile, Sage as a gargle and mouthwash
28. Smoking Blend, Camomile with Thyme, Betony, Coltsfoot and Eyebright
Major Formulas:
Antispasmodic Infusion
Infusion for Painful Menstruation (Matthioli)
Decoction for Stones
Uterine Powder (Species Hysterica)
Green Oil
1. Carminative Water:
i. Camomile (half pound), Orange peel, Lemon peel, Southernwood, Peppermint, Caraway seed, Coriander seed, Fennel seed (1 ½ oz. each). Macerate 24 hours and distil one half.
ii. Camomile (6 oz.), Orange peel (1 ½ oz), Wormwood, Balm, Pennyroyal, Marjoram (2 drams each), Dill seed (4 oz.), Aniseed, Fennel seed (2 ½ oz. each), Caraway (1 ½ oz), Camomile Water (16 pounds). Digest 8 days, distil off one half. (Dispensatorium Pharmaceuticum, 1777)
iii. Camomile (3 lbs.), Wormwood (half oz.), Lesser Centaury, Pennyroyal, Marjoram (2 drams each), Dill seed (2 oz.), Aniseed, Fennel seed (1 oz. each), Caraway (½ oz.), Orange peel (2 oz.), Water (12 pounds). Digest 4 days, distil two-thirds. Dose: ½–1 oz. (Pharmacopoeia Sardoa, 1773)
2. Hysteric Liquor:
i. Fresh Lemon peel (1 part), Balm, Camomile (2 parts), Cumin (3 parts), Angelica root (4 parts), Proof Spirit (12 parts), Spring Water (144 parts). Distil off 48 parts. Dose: 1–1 ½ oz. (Pharmacopee Usuelle, Louvain, 1821)
ii. Peony root, Zedoary, Wild Parsley root, Masterwort root (1 oz.), Balm, Motherwort, Mint, Camomile (1 ½ oz.), Caraway seed, Siler seed, Fennel seed, Lemon peel (1 oz. each), Alcohol (half pound), Water (7 pounds). Digest 2 days, distil slowly 4 pounds. (Dispensatorium Pharmaceuticum, 1777)
3. Carminative Powder (for Enemas):
i. Yarrow, Sothernwood, Peppermint, Camomile (4 oz. each), Dill seed, Caraway seed (1 oz. each).
ii. Camomile, White Horehound, Dandelion herb and root, Valerian, Couch grass root (equal. parts) (Niemann)
iii. Camomile, Linseed (4 oz.), Dandelion root, Soapwort root (2 oz.), Valerian, Madder, Lesser Centaury, Horehound (1 ½ oz.) (Dispensarium electorale Hassiacum, 1806)
4. Cataplasm of Camomile (Cataplasma Maturens seu Resolvens):
i. Camomile flower, Vinegar (4 oz. each). Boil slightly
ii. Linseed meal (12 oz.), Camomile powder, Elder flower (3 oz. each), Fenugreek seed (1 ½ oz.). Water (sufficient). Bring to the boil. (Pharmacopoeia medici practici universalis, Bruxelles, 1817)
5. Fomentation of Camomile:
i. Wormwood, Peppermint, Camomile, Elder flower (1 ½ oz. each). (Pharmacopoeia Militaris, 1818)
6. Emollient Powder:
i. Camomile, Meliot flower, Linseed (4 oz. each). Powder coarsely and form a cataplasm with sufficient boiling water.
7. Oil of Seven Flowers:
i. Fresh flowers of Violet, Elder, Rose, Camomile, Lily, Mullein, Hollyhock (1 part each), Olive Oil (6 parts). Boil gently until the humidity has gone, then press. Anodyne and emollient, used for contractures. (Pharmacopoeia Wirtembergica, 1798)
Cautions:
Generally safe.
Main Preparations used:
Distilled Water, Carminative Water, Distilled Oil, Infused Oil of German Camomile, Syrup of the Juice, Salt of the Ashes
1. Camomile Water:
i. Camomile (1 part), Water (4 parts). macerate several days, then distil 2 parts. (Pharmacopoeia Sardoa, 1773)
Good for colic, and other abdominal pains resulting from cold. Breaks the stones in the Kidneys and Bladder, promotes menstruation. Also good for pains of the head.
2. Vinious Camomile Water:
i. Fresh Camomile (1 part), White Wine (4 parts). Macerate 24 hours, then distil 2 parts. (Dispensatorium Fuldense, 1791)
3. Camomile Extract:
i. Camomile flowers (1 pound), Water (1 gallon). Boil to 4 pints; strain while hot and evaporate in a water bath to the thickness of Honey.
Almost inodorous, bitter taste, with a dark brown color. Used for poor appetite, bad digestion, and general debility etc.
Dose: 15 grains, 2-3 times daily.
4. Tincture of Camomile:
i. Camomile (2 oz.), Alcohol (1 pound). Macerate, filter.
‘It is an excellent thing against all Fevers whatsoever, whether non-Putrid, Putrid, or Malign and Pestilental; whether they be continent, continual, or intermitting: It is an excellent Cephalic, Neurotic, Stomatic, Splenetic, Hepatic, Uterine, Nephritic, Arthritic, and Alexipharmic. It is Anodyne, Diaphoretic, and Diuretic; an Opener of Obstructions, Discusser of Wind, Repeller of the Colic, Provoker of Urine, Easer of Pain and restorer of the Nerves, in Cramps, Convulsions, Palsies, Gouts, Sciaticas, Rheumatisms, and such like’.
‘Outwardly the Belly in the Colic, the Stomach and Sides in a Palpitation of the Heart, or a Pleurisy, the joints in a Gout, the Nerves and Parts affected in Convulsions, Cramps, and Palsies are duly to be bathed therewith Morning and Night for 16 or 20 days, but cold; if this course be taken, and duly followed, I am very confident, that the patient will very rarely fail of his expectation, or miss the cure of his disease’.
Dose: 1-4 drams, 3 times daily, in a suitable vehicle. (Pharmacopoeia Bateana, Salmon)
5. Oil of Camomile:
i. Camomile (1 part), Olive Oil (3 parts). Macerate several days in a warm place, then boil until the humidity has gone, then press. (Some used up to 8 parts Olive oil; some added more flowers and repeated the process a second or third time)
6. Fixed Salt of Camomile.
Made the same as Fixed Salt of Mugwort.
‘As much as a man may hold between the end of his fingers, of this salt was given with warm wine unto one that could not make water, and he was perfectly delivered, as Leo Suavius writes’. (A Brief Answer of Josephus Quercetanus Armeniacus, Doctor of Physick ... By John Hester, London, 1591)
It promotes Menstruation and expels a dead Child; cures Colic, Stones, and Agues. (Salmon)
7. Carminative Sugar.
Chemical (Essential) Oil of Camomile 24 drops
Refined Sugar 12 oz.
Mix them well. Famous for colic, and colic pains; also excellent for Gravel and the Stone in the Bladder or Reins, helps Strangury and stoppage of Urine, and takes away the Heat and Scalding of the Urine.
Dose: 0.5-2 oz. (Pharmacopeia Bateana, 1694)
Generally safe.
Main Preparations used:
Distilled Water, Carminative Water, Distilled Oil, Infused Oil of German Camomile, Syrup of the Juice, Salt of the Ashes
1. Camomile Water:
i. Camomile (1 part), Water (4 parts). macerate several days, then distil 2 parts. (Pharmacopoeia Sardoa, 1773)
Good for colic, and other abdominal pains resulting from cold. Breaks the stones in the Kidneys and Bladder, promotes menstruation. Also good for pains of the head.
2. Vinious Camomile Water:
i. Fresh Camomile (1 part), White Wine (4 parts). Macerate 24 hours, then distil 2 parts. (Dispensatorium Fuldense, 1791)
3. Camomile Extract:
i. Camomile flowers (1 pound), Water (1 gallon). Boil to 4 pints; strain while hot and evaporate in a water bath to the thickness of Honey.
Almost inodorous, bitter taste, with a dark brown color. Used for poor appetite, bad digestion, and general debility etc.
Dose: 15 grains, 2-3 times daily.
4. Tincture of Camomile:
i. Camomile (2 oz.), Alcohol (1 pound). Macerate, filter.
‘It is an excellent thing against all Fevers whatsoever, whether non-Putrid, Putrid, or Malign and Pestilental; whether they be continent, continual, or intermitting: It is an excellent Cephalic, Neurotic, Stomatic, Splenetic, Hepatic, Uterine, Nephritic, Arthritic, and Alexipharmic. It is Anodyne, Diaphoretic, and Diuretic; an Opener of Obstructions, Discusser of Wind, Repeller of the Colic, Provoker of Urine, Easer of Pain and restorer of the Nerves, in Cramps, Convulsions, Palsies, Gouts, Sciaticas, Rheumatisms, and such like’.
‘Outwardly the Belly in the Colic, the Stomach and Sides in a Palpitation of the Heart, or a Pleurisy, the joints in a Gout, the Nerves and Parts affected in Convulsions, Cramps, and Palsies are duly to be bathed therewith Morning and Night for 16 or 20 days, but cold; if this course be taken, and duly followed, I am very confident, that the patient will very rarely fail of his expectation, or miss the cure of his disease’.
Dose: 1-4 drams, 3 times daily, in a suitable vehicle. (Pharmacopoeia Bateana, Salmon)
5. Oil of Camomile:
i. Camomile (1 part), Olive Oil (3 parts). Macerate several days in a warm place, then boil until the humidity has gone, then press. (Some used up to 8 parts Olive oil; some added more flowers and repeated the process a second or third time)
6. Fixed Salt of Camomile.
Made the same as Fixed Salt of Mugwort.
‘As much as a man may hold between the end of his fingers, of this salt was given with warm wine unto one that could not make water, and he was perfectly delivered, as Leo Suavius writes’. (A Brief Answer of Josephus Quercetanus Armeniacus, Doctor of Physick ... By John Hester, London, 1591)
It promotes Menstruation and expels a dead Child; cures Colic, Stones, and Agues. (Salmon)
7. Carminative Sugar.
Chemical (Essential) Oil of Camomile 24 drops
Refined Sugar 12 oz.
Mix them well. Famous for colic, and colic pains; also excellent for Gravel and the Stone in the Bladder or Reins, helps Strangury and stoppage of Urine, and takes away the Heat and Scalding of the Urine.
Dose: 0.5-2 oz. (Pharmacopeia Bateana, 1694)
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Anthemis nobilis
ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–Nematicidal and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of 17 plants, of importance in ethnopharmacology, obtained from the Arabian Peninsula.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Sedative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diuretic effects induced in rats by essential oils of varieties of Anthemis nobilis: a comparative study.
SEDATIVE:
–Sedative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diuretic effects induced in rats by essential oils of varieties of Anthemis nobilis: a comparative study.
ANXIOLYTIC:
–Anxiolytic effect of Anthemis nobilis L. (roman chamomile) and Citrus reticulata Blanco (tangerine) essential oils using the light-dark test in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
–Essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy.
CANCER:
–Sesquiterpene lactones. Part XV. New cytostatic active sesquiterpene lactone from herb of Anthemis nobilis L.
ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–Nematicidal and antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts of 17 plants, of importance in ethnopharmacology, obtained from the Arabian Peninsula.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Sedative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diuretic effects induced in rats by essential oils of varieties of Anthemis nobilis: a comparative study.
SEDATIVE:
–Sedative, anti-inflammatory and anti-diuretic effects induced in rats by essential oils of varieties of Anthemis nobilis: a comparative study.
ANXIOLYTIC:
–Anxiolytic effect of Anthemis nobilis L. (roman chamomile) and Citrus reticulata Blanco (tangerine) essential oils using the light-dark test in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
–Essential oils and anxiolytic aromatherapy.
CANCER:
–Sesquiterpene lactones. Part XV. New cytostatic active sesquiterpene lactone from herb of Anthemis nobilis L.
Matricaria recutita
GENERAL / REVIEW:
–A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.).
ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–Antibacterial Efficacy of Matricaria recutita Essential Oil against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: In Vitro Study.
–Phytochemical Characterization of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) Roots and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential.
–Matricaria genus as a source of antimicrobial agents: From farm to pharmacy and food applications.
ANTI-FUNGAL:
–Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Matricaria recutita flower essential oil against medically important dermatophytes and soil-borne pathogens.
ANTHELMINTIC:
–Chamomile Methanolic Extract Mitigates Small Bowel Inflammation and ROS Overload Related to the Intestinal Nematodes Infection in Mice.
–Leishmanicidal activity of α-bisabolol from Tunisian chamomile essential oil.
–Anthelmintic activity of Tunisian chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) against Haemonchus contortus.
ANTIOXIDANT:
–Phytochemical Characterization of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) Roots and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential.
–Phenolic Profile by HPLC-PDA-MS of Greek Chamomile Populations and Commercial Varieties and Their Antioxidant Activity.
–Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.).
–Chemical composition, antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective effects of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract against alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat.
–Antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract in rats.
–Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds.
–Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita and Cymbopogon citratus.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Revisited anti-inflammatory activity of matricine in vitro: Comparison with chamazulene.
–Validation of a RP-HPLC-DAD Method for Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Preparations and Assessment of the Marker, Apigenin-7-glucoside, Safety and Anti-Inflammatory Effect.
–Inhibition of neutrophil elastase and metalloprotease-9 of human adenocarcinoma gastric cells by chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) infusion.
ANTI-ALLERGY:
–Anti-allergic activity of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) in mast cell mediated allergy model.
NEUROPROTECTIVE:
–Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita against fluoride-induced stress in rats.
–Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita Linn against global model of ischemia in rats.
ANTISPASMODIC:
–Hydro-alcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita exhibited dual anti-spasmodic effect via modulation of Ca(2+) channels, NO and PKA(2)-kinase pathway in rabbit jejunum.
–Inhibition of human cAMP-phosphodiesterase as a mechanism of the spasmolytic effect of Matricaria recutita
ANTI-SIEZURE:
–Study of antiseizure effects of Matricaria recutita extract in mice.
ANTI-ANXIETY:
–Long-Term Chamomile Therapy of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Trial.
–Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): efficacy of standardized Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) extract in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
–Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence.
–Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence.
–A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder.
–Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system.
ANTI-DEPRESSANT:
–Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: an exploratory study.
INSOMNIA:
–Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.
DERMATITIS:
–(-)-α-Bisabolol Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Signaling in Mast Cell.
ECZEMA:
–The Mechanism Action of German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) in the Treatment of Eczema: Based on Dose-Effect Weight Coefficient Network Pharmacology.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
–Chemical composition, antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective effects of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract against alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat.
GASTROPROTECTIVE:
–Protective effect of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract against alcohol-induced injury in rat gastric mucosa.
–Bisabolol-induced gastroprotection against acute gastric lesions: role of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and KATP+ channels.
ORAL MUCOSITIS:
–Action of Matricaria recutita (chamomile) in the management of radiochemotherapy oral mucositis: A systematic review.
–Evaluating the effect of Matricaria recutita and Mentha piperita herbal mouthwash on management of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.
ANTI-DIARRHEA:
–Antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract in rats.
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME:
–Benefit of Aloe vera and Matricaria recutita mixture in rat irritable bowel syndrome: Combination of antioxidant and spasmolytic effects.
ENURESIS:
–Topical use of Matricaria recutita L (Chamomile) Oil in the Treatment of Monosymptomatic Enuresis in Children: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
DIABETES:
–Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and diabetes mellitus, current knowledge and the way forward: A systematic review.
–Antidiabetic effects of chamomile flowers extract in obese mice through transcriptional stimulation of nutrient sensors of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family.
CANCER:
–Antitumor Profile of Combined Matricaria recutita Flower Extract and 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy in Sarcoma 180 In Vivo Model.
–Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.).
CERVICAL:
–Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds.
COLON:
–Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds.
LEUKEMIA:
–Cytotoxic action of bisabololoxide A of German chamomile on human leukemia K562 cells in combination with 5-fluorouracil.
WOUND-HEALING:
–Wound healing activity of Matricaria recutita L. extract.
GENERAL / REVIEW:
–A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.).
ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–Antibacterial Efficacy of Matricaria recutita Essential Oil against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: In Vitro Study.
–Phytochemical Characterization of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) Roots and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential.
–Matricaria genus as a source of antimicrobial agents: From farm to pharmacy and food applications.
ANTI-FUNGAL:
–Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Matricaria recutita flower essential oil against medically important dermatophytes and soil-borne pathogens.
ANTHELMINTIC:
–Chamomile Methanolic Extract Mitigates Small Bowel Inflammation and ROS Overload Related to the Intestinal Nematodes Infection in Mice.
–Leishmanicidal activity of α-bisabolol from Tunisian chamomile essential oil.
–Anthelmintic activity of Tunisian chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) against Haemonchus contortus.
ANTIOXIDANT:
–Phytochemical Characterization of Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) Roots and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential.
–Phenolic Profile by HPLC-PDA-MS of Greek Chamomile Populations and Commercial Varieties and Their Antioxidant Activity.
–Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.).
–Chemical composition, antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective effects of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract against alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat.
–Antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract in rats.
–Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds.
–Antioxidant effects of different extracts from Melissa officinalis, Matricaria recutita and Cymbopogon citratus.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Revisited anti-inflammatory activity of matricine in vitro: Comparison with chamazulene.
–Validation of a RP-HPLC-DAD Method for Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) Preparations and Assessment of the Marker, Apigenin-7-glucoside, Safety and Anti-Inflammatory Effect.
–Inhibition of neutrophil elastase and metalloprotease-9 of human adenocarcinoma gastric cells by chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) infusion.
ANTI-ALLERGY:
–Anti-allergic activity of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) in mast cell mediated allergy model.
NEUROPROTECTIVE:
–Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita against fluoride-induced stress in rats.
–Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita Linn against global model of ischemia in rats.
ANTISPASMODIC:
–Hydro-alcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita exhibited dual anti-spasmodic effect via modulation of Ca(2+) channels, NO and PKA(2)-kinase pathway in rabbit jejunum.
–Inhibition of human cAMP-phosphodiesterase as a mechanism of the spasmolytic effect of Matricaria recutita
ANTI-SIEZURE:
–Study of antiseizure effects of Matricaria recutita extract in mice.
ANTI-ANXIETY:
–Long-Term Chamomile Therapy of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Study Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- Controlled Trial.
–Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD): efficacy of standardized Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) extract in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.
–Plant-based medicines for anxiety disorders, part 2: a review of clinical studies with supporting preclinical evidence.
–Herbal medicine for depression, anxiety and insomnia: a review of psychopharmacology and clinical evidence.
–A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder.
–Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system.
ANTI-DEPRESSANT:
–Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: an exploratory study.
INSOMNIA:
–Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.
DERMATITIS:
–(-)-α-Bisabolol Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis by Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Signaling in Mast Cell.
ECZEMA:
–The Mechanism Action of German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) in the Treatment of Eczema: Based on Dose-Effect Weight Coefficient Network Pharmacology.
HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
–Chemical composition, antioxidant properties and hepatoprotective effects of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract against alcohol-induced oxidative stress in rat.
GASTROPROTECTIVE:
–Protective effect of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract against alcohol-induced injury in rat gastric mucosa.
–Bisabolol-induced gastroprotection against acute gastric lesions: role of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and KATP+ channels.
ORAL MUCOSITIS:
–Action of Matricaria recutita (chamomile) in the management of radiochemotherapy oral mucositis: A systematic review.
–Evaluating the effect of Matricaria recutita and Mentha piperita herbal mouthwash on management of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial.
ANTI-DIARRHEA:
–Antidiarrheal and antioxidant activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) decoction extract in rats.
IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME:
–Benefit of Aloe vera and Matricaria recutita mixture in rat irritable bowel syndrome: Combination of antioxidant and spasmolytic effects.
ENURESIS:
–Topical use of Matricaria recutita L (Chamomile) Oil in the Treatment of Monosymptomatic Enuresis in Children: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
DIABETES:
–Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and diabetes mellitus, current knowledge and the way forward: A systematic review.
–Antidiabetic effects of chamomile flowers extract in obese mice through transcriptional stimulation of nutrient sensors of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family.
CANCER:
–Antitumor Profile of Combined Matricaria recutita Flower Extract and 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy in Sarcoma 180 In Vivo Model.
–Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.).
CERVICAL:
–Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds.
COLON:
–Infusion and decoction of wild German chamomile: bioactivity and characterization of organic acids and phenolic compounds.
LEUKEMIA:
–Cytotoxic action of bisabololoxide A of German chamomile on human leukemia K562 cells in combination with 5-fluorouracil.
WOUND-HEALING:
–Wound healing activity of Matricaria recutita L. extract.