Bdellium, Guggulu

Indian Bdellium
Guggulu (Ayurveda)
Gu gul  གུ་གུལ  (Tibetan)
Muqil (Unani)

Ortus Sanitatis, Cube, Johann von, 1501

A Complete History of Drugs, Pomet, London, 1748

Bdellium (Adam, 2017)

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Botanical name:
Commiphora mukul (syn. Balsamodendrum mukul)

Parts used:
Gum
A number of varieties are recognised, the dark-brown and yellow-brown being preferred.

Temperature & Taste:
Warm, moist (some class as dry). Bitter
digests, discusses

Classification:
2K. RESOLVENT.   2L. EMOLLIENT
2M. DRAWING.   2P. HEMOSTATICS.   2U. SUPPURATIVES
3G. EMMENAGOGUE.   3K. EXPECTORANT.   3M. ARTHRITIC
4f. SPLENETIC.   4j. NERVINE.   4k. ARTHRITIC

Uses:
1. Moves the Blood, clears Stasis:
-poor circulation

2. Clears Wind and Damp, Moves Blood, Eases Pain:
-Joint pain, Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatism

3. Clears Phlegm, Stops Cough:
-Coughs

4. Promotes Urine, Breaks Stones
-Dysuria, Strangury

5. Purges Melancholy and Phlegm, Resolves Masses:

6. Externally
-Hemorrhoids; bleeding Hemorrhoids (ointment, plaster, fumes)

Dose:
Powder: 500mg–3 grams

Corrective:
 ... available in PRO version.

Substitute:
 ... available in PRO version.

Preparation:
 ... available in PRO version.

Comment:
 ... available in PRO version.

Main Combinations:
1. Vata (Wind) diseases of the Bones, Joints, Nerves (Paralysis, Facial Paralysis, Rheumatism< neuralgia etc):
i. Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
ii. Bdellium (Guggulu) (10 parts),  ... available in PRO version.
2. Arthritis, Rheumatism:
i. Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
ii. combine Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
iii. Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
3. Sciatica, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
4. Scoliosis, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
5. Back Pain, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
6. Fractures:
i. Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
i.  ... available in PRO version.
7. Hemorrhoids, combine Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
8. Bleeding Hemorrhoids or excess Menstruation: combine Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
9. Acne, Bdellium (Guggulu), with  ... available in PRO version.
10. Scrofula and Lymphatic swellings, combine Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
11. To promote Menstruation, Amenorrhea, Dysmenorrhea:
i. Bdellium (Guggulu), with  ... available in PRO version.
ii. Bdellium (Guggulu), with  ... available in PRO version.
iii. Bdellium (Guggulu), with  ... available in PRO version.
12. Endometriosis, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
13. Pain from Blood stagnation:
i. Bdellium (Guggulu),  ... available in PRO version.
ii. Bdellium (Guggulu),  ... available in PRO version.
14. Heart disease, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
15. Cholesterol, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
16. Liver hardness, Cirrhosis:
i. Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
ii. Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
17. Dysuria, suppressed Urine: combine Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
18. Diabetes, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
19. Immunodeficiency, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.
20. Mouthwash for pain and inflammation, Bdellium (Guggulu) with  ... available in PRO version.

Major Formulas
Powder of Gum Lacca Lesser (Dialacca Minor) (Mesue)
Powder of Gum Lacca Greater (Dialacca Majores) (Mesue)
Hiera of Abbas (Unani)
Hiera Logadii
Pills of Bdellium (Mesue)
Pills to Aggregate Greater (Mesue)
Pills of Colchicum (Mesue) (Habb E Suranjun)
Pills of Colchicum Greater (Habb E Suranjun Kalan)
Pills of Euphorbium (Mesue)
Pills of Rhubarb (Greater) (Pil. de Raved Sceni) (Mesue)
Foetid Pills Minor of Galen
Pills for Fibrosis of the Liver (Riverius)
Electuary of Bdellium (Unani)
Triphala Guggulu. (Ayurveda)

Cautions:
1. Not used during Pregnancy or Uterine Bleeding
2. It is heavy on digestion and hard on the kidneys, so is usually only used for several weeks in full doses before a short break.

Main Preparations used:
Tincture of Bdellium:

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• Extra Info
  
• Research
  

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GENERAL / REVIEW
–Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Oleo-Gum Resin of Commiphora wightii (Guggulu).
–Pharmacological properties of guggulsterones, the major active components of gum guggul.

ANTIBACTERIAL
–Antibacterial activities of some constituents from oleo-gum-resin of Commiphora mukul.

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
–Bioactive terpenoids and guggulusteroids from Commiphora mukul gum resin of potential anti-inflammatory interest.
–New triterpenes, myrrhanol A and myrrhanone A, from guggul-gum resins, and their potent anti-inflammatory effect on adjuvant-induced air-pouch granuloma of mice.
–Anti-inflammatory activity of resins from some species of the plant family Burseraceae.
–Anti-inflammatory studies on a crystalline steroid isolated from Commiphora mukul.

CHOLESTEROL
–Guggulu and Triphala for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolaemia: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomised Trial.
–Medicinal plants in treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: A review based on their mechanisms and effectiveness.
–Experimental studies on the hypocholesterolemic effect of Commiphora mukul Engl. (Guggul). 1969.
–Antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Commiphora mukul gum resin in fructose-fed male Wistar rats.
–The efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia; a systematic review.
–Resin from the mukul myrrh tree, guggul, can it be used for treating hypercholesterolemia? A randomized, controlled study.
–Guggul for hyperlipidemia: a review by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration.
–Herbs for serum cholesterol reduction: a systematic view.
–Effect of guggulu (Commiphora mukul--Engl.) on serum lipids in obese, hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipemic cases.
–Hypocholesterolemic effect of Commiphora mukul resin (guggal).

ANTI-THROMBOTIC
–Medicinal plants with antithrombotic property in Persian medicine: a mechanistic review.

CARDIAC EFFECTS
–Effect of Commiphora mukul extract on cardiac dysfunction and ventricular function in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.
–Therapeutic effects of guggul and its constituent guggulsterone: cardiovascular benefits.
–Botanical influences on cardiovascular disease.

CARDIOPROTECTIVE
–Cardioprotective effects of Commiphora mukul against isoprenaline-induced cardiotoxicity: a biochemical and histopathological evaluation.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS
–Anti-inflammatory properties of BHUx, a polyherbal formulation to prevent atherosclerosis.

ANALGESIC
–Commiphora mukul attenuates peripheral neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve in rats.

DIABETES
–Antidiabetic activity of Commiphora mukul and Phyllanthus emblica and Computational analysis for the identification of active principles with dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity.
–The anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of a combination of Commiphora mukul, Commiphora myrrha and Terminalia chebula in diabetic rats.
–Effects of an Herbal Combination on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
–Antihyperglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extract of Commiphora mukul gum resin in fructose-fed male Wistar rats.
–Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activities of alcoholic extract of Commiphora mukul gum resin in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
–Effects of guggulsterone isolated from Commiphora mukul in high fat diet induced diabetic rats.

RENAL FIBROSIS
–Z-Guggulsterone alleviates renal fibrosis by mitigating G2/M cycle arrest through Klotho/p53 signaling.

HYPOTHYROIDISM
–Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) potentially ameliorates hypothyroidism in female mice.
–Thyroid Stimulating Action of Z-Guggulsterone Obtained from Commiphora mukul.
–Response of commiphora mukul (guggulu) on melatonin induced hypothyroidism.
–In vitro studies on thyrogenic effect of commiphora mukul (guggulu).

OVARIAN CYSTS
–Efficacy of Virechana, Triphaladi decoction with processed Guggulu in the management of ovarian cyst - A pilot study.

ARTHRITIS
–An Evidence-based Review of Medicinal Plants used in Traditional Persian Medicine for Treatment of Osteoarthritis.
–The effectiveness of Commiphora mukul for osteoarthritis of the knee: an outcomes study.
–Usefulness of guggul (Commiphora mukul) for osteoarthritis of the knee: An experimental case study.
–Comparison of the anti-inflammatory activity of Commiphora mukul (an indigenous drug) with those of phenylbutazone and ibuprofen in experimental arthritis induced by mycobacterial adjuvant.

CANCER
–Z-guggulsterone induces PD-L1 upregulation partly mediated by FXR, Akt and Erk1/2 signaling pathways in non-small cell lung cancer.
–Potential therapeutic targets of Guggulsterone in cancer.
–Steroids from Commiphora mukul display antiproliferative effect against human prostate cancer PC3 cells via induction of apoptosis.
–Reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis by gugulipid extract of Ayurvedic medicine plant Commiphora mukul in human prostate cancer cells is regulated by c-Jun N-terminal kinase.
–Guggulsterone-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is caused by reactive oxygen intermediate dependent activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase.

SYNERGISM WITH CHEMOTHERAPY
–Reversal of doxorubicin resistance by guggulsterone of Commiphora mukul in vivo.
–Guggulsterone of Commiphora mukul resin reverses drug resistance in imatinib-resistant leukemic cells by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 and P-glycoprotein.

METASTASIS
–Synthetic E-guggulsterone derivative GSD-1 inhibits NF-κB signaling and suppresses the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells.

INHIBITS ANGIOGENESIS
–z-Guggulsterone, a constituent of Ayurvedic medicinal plant Commiphora mukul, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

ANTI-DEPRESSANT
–Z-Guggulsterone Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Mice through Activation of the BDNF Signaling Pathway.

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
–A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for inflammatory bowel disease.
–The plant sterol guggulsterone attenuates inflammation and immune dysfunction in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.

HEMORRHOID
–Traditional and modern aspects of hemorrhoid treatment in Iran: a review.
–Clinical Evaluation of Commiphora Mukul, a Botanical resin, in the Management of Hemorrhoids: A randomized controlled trial.