Withania, Ashwaganda

Winter Cherry
Ashwaganda (Ayurveda)
Asgandh (Unani)
Amukura (Siddha)

Flora Graeca, Sibthrop, Smith, 1819

Withania somnifera
(Photo by Salicyna) (Wikimedia)

Withania root (Adam, 2019)

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Botanical name:
Withania somnifera (syn. Physalis somniferum)

Parts used:
Root

Temperature & Taste:
Warm, neutral in respect of moisture. Sweet

Classification:
3H. LACTAGOGUE    3I. APHRODISIACS     3J. INCREASE SEMEN
N. Tonics

Uses:
1. Tonifies the Spleen, Increases Qi:

2. Warms and Strengthens the Kidneys:

3. Regulates Qi, Calms the Mind:

4. Moves the Blood, Clears Wind-Damp, Resolves Swellings:

5. Resists Poison:


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Dose:
Powder: 500mg–6 grams;

Correctives:
... available in PRO version

Substitutes:
... available in PRO version

Main Combinations:
General Tonic:
1. Debility, Weakness, Emaciation, Digestive debility:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
2. Immune deficiency:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania, ... available in PRO version
v. Withania with ... available in PRO version

Nerve and Brain Tonic:
3. Nerve disorders with deficiency and aggravated Wind:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
4. Tonic for Wind disorders:
i. Withania, ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania, ... available in PRO version
5. Brain tonic:
i. Withania, ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania with ... available in PRO version
v. Withania, ... available in PRO version
vi. for the aged, Withania with ... available in PRO version
vii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
6. Tonic for those studying or doing excess mental work:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
7. To enhance Memory:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania, ... available in PRO version
v. Withania, ... available in PRO version

Reproductive Tonic:
8. As a strengthening tonic, for Impotence, Infertility and Senility:
i. mix Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania with ... available in PRO version
9. Reproductive tonic, for Males:
i. Withania, ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania with ... available in PRO version
v. Withania with ... available in PRO version
vi. Withania with ... available in PRO version
10. Reproductive tonic, for Females:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania with ... available in PRO version
v. Withania with ... available in PRO version
11. Female Infertility:
i. Withania, ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
12. To promote Breast development:
i. ... available in PRO version
ii. To tone and firm the breasts, ... available in PRO version
13. As an Aphrodisiac:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania with ... available in PRO version
v. Withania with ... available in PRO version
vi. Withania with ... available in PRO version
14. To increase Sperm:
i. Withania ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania with ... available in PRO version
v. Wiathnia, ... available in PRO version
15. Spermatorrhea:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version

Childrens Tonic:
16. Tonic for Children
i. Withania, ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania ... available in PRO version
17. Childhood nutritional impairment with fever, poor appetite, Withania with. ... available in PRO version

Arthritic disorders
18. Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iv. Withania, ... available in PRO version
v. Withania, ... available in PRO version
vi. Withania with ... available in PRO version
vi. Withania with ... available in PRO version
vii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
19. Cervical spondylosis:
i. Withania with ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania with ... available in PRO version
iii. Withania with ... available in PRO version

Other:
20. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):
i. ... available in PRO version
ii. Withania, ... available in PRO version
21. Scrofula, Withania, ... available in PRO version
22. Fibromyalgia, Withania, ... available in PRO version

Major Formula:
Balivivan (Ayurveda)
Dhatuvallabha Churna (Ayurveda)
Gso Byed 6 Pa of Tibetan Medicine)

Cautions:
Generally Safe.
1. Caution in excess Heat or Bile, and for those with congestion ('ama')
2. While it is used as a tonic for mother and fetus during pregnancy, this is only in compound; full doses of the single herb should be avoided. It is recommended not to take more than 3 grams daily during pregnancy.
3. Large doses are narcotic

Main Preparations used:

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• Extra Info
  
• History
  
• Research
  

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Click the Tabs above for more information on this Medicine

'This plant bears the Sanskrit names of Asvagandha, Turagi or Turangi, and Turagi-gandha, "smelling like a horse or mare"; Varaha-karni, "boar-eared"; Vrisha, "amorous," &c. It is described in the Nighantas as tonic, alterative, pungent, astringent, hot and aphrodisiac, and is recommended in rheumatism, cough, dropsy, consumption and senile debility. Chakradatta recommends it in decoction with long pepper, butter and honey in consumption and scrofula. A ghrita or medicinal butter prepared by boiling together one part of the root with one part of clarified butter and ten of milk may be used in such cases.

As an aphrodisiac and as a remedy for rheumatism the drug is usually combined with a number of aromatics, each dose contains about 30 grains of the root. It is also made into a paste with aromatics for local application in rheumatism. Indian Mahometan writers merely repeat what the Hindus say about this drug, and do not recognise in it the Kaknaj-el-manoum of the Arabs, which is supposed to represent the [?] of the Greeks, the description of which by Theophrastus agrees tolerably well with W. somnifera. Rheede calls it Pevetti, and states that a vulnerary ointment is prepared from the leaves. Prosper Alpinus (i., cap. 33) describes and figures it under the name of Solanum somniferum antiquorum,

Roxburgh states that the Telinga physicians reckon the roots alexipharmic. Ainslie (ii. 14) says:— "The root as found in the medicine bazars, is of a pale colour, and in external appearance not unlike our gentian; but it has little sensible taste or smell, though the Tamool Vytians suppose it to have deobstruent and diuretic qualities, given in decoction to the quantity of about half a teacupful twice daily; the leaves moistened with a little warm castor oil, are a useful external application in cases of carbuncle." The authors of the Bombay Flora say that the seeds are employed to coagulate milk like those of W. coagulane. We have tried the experiment and find them to have some coagulating power.

The plant is very common along the shores of the Mediterranean, where it has always been reputed to be hypnotic. The properties of W. somnifera have recently been investigated by Dr. Trebut with regard to its reputation for hypnotic properties; he states that he has obtained an alkaloid from it which has hypnotic action and does not produce mydriasis. P. L. Simmonds (Amer. Journ. Pharm., Feb., 1891) states that the plant is employed at the Civil Hospital, Alger, as a sedative and hypnotic. (Pharmacographia Indica, Dymock, 1891)

1. OVERVIEW:
–An overview on ashwagandha: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda.
–Natural withanolides: an overview.
–Withania somnifera: an Indian ginseng.
–Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a review.

2. ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–Antibacterial activity of Withania somnifera against Gram-positive isolates from pus samples.
–In vitro antibacterial effect of Withania somnifera root extract on Escherichia coli.

3. ANTI-INFLUENZA:
–Promising Anti-influenza Properties of Active Constituent of Withania somnifera Ayurvedic Herb in Targeting Neuraminidase of H1N1 Influenza: Computational Study.

4. ANTIOXIDANT:
–Antioxidant activity and apoptotic induction as mechanisms of action of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) against a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.

5. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Withania somnifera as a Potential Anxiolytic and Anti-inflammatory Candidate Against Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation.
–Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Withania somnifera root in fructose fed male rats.

6. ADAPTOGENIC:
–Adaptogenic properties of six rasayana herbs used in Ayurvedic medicine.

7. INCREASES ENDURANCE:
–Efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera [L.] Dunal) in improving cardiorespiratory endurance in healthy athletic adults.

8. INCREASES MUSCLE MASS AND STREGTH:
–Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial.

9. IMMUNO-MODULATORY:
–Withania somnifera as a potential anxiolytic and immunomodulatory agent in acute sleep deprived female Wistar rats.
–Network ethnopharmacological evaluation of the immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera.

10. IMPROVES SPERM COUNT AND MOTILITY:
–Comparative evaluation of the effects of Withania somnifera with pentoxifylline on the sperm parameters in idiopathic male infertility: A triple-blind randomised clinical trial.
–Effects of Withania somnifera on Reproductive System: A Systematic Review of the Available Evidence.

11. MALE INFERTILITY:
–Role of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the management of male infertility.

12. IMPROVES FEMALE SEXUAL FUNCTION:
–Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract in Improving Sexual Function in Women: A Pilot Study.

13. ANTI-PLATELET & ANTICOAGULANT:
–Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and profibrinolytic activities of withaferin A.

14. INHIBITS TYROSINASE ACTIVITY:
–Comparative chemical investigation and evaluation of antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and Solanum nigrum (L.) berries.

15. HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
–Hepatoprotective effect of withanolide-rich fraction in acetaminophen-intoxicated rat: decisive role of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS.
–Hepatoprotective activity of hepatoplus on isonaizid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

16. ANTI-CANCER:
–Withaferin-A kills cancer cells with and without telomerase: chemical, computational and experimental evidences.
–Antiproliferative Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Withania Somnifera Leaves from Faifa Mountains, Southwest Saudi Arabia, against Several Human Cancer Cell Lines.
–Withaferin-A--A Natural Anticancer Agent with Pleitropic Mechanisms of Action.
–Withania somnifera: From prevention to treatment of cancer.
–Potential Anticancer Properties and Mechanisms of Action of Withanolides.
–In vitro antiproliferative activity of partially purified Withania somnifera fruit extract on different cancer cell lines.
–Anticancer activities of Withania somnifera: Current research, formulations, and future perspectives.
–Ancient medicine, modern use: Withania somnifera and its potential role in integrative oncology.
BRAIN CANCER–Withania somnifera Suppresses Tumor Growth of Intracranial Allograft of Glioma Cells.
BREAST CANCER–Evaluation of apoptotic activity of Withania coagulans methanolic extract against human breast cancer and Vero cell lines.
–Withania somnifera extract reduces the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and inhibits cytokines associated with metastasis.

–Effect of Withania somnifera root extract on spontaneous estrogen receptor-negative mammary cancer in MMTV/Neu mice.
–Pharmacological levels of Withaferin A (Withania somnifera) trigger clinically relevant anticancer effects specific to triple negative breast cancer cells.
COLON CANCER–Withaferin A induces apoptosis by ROS-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction in human colorectal cancer cells.
GASTRIC CANCER–Withaferin A inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
HEAD & NECK CANCERS–Withaferin A induces apoptosis through the generation of thiol oxidation in human head and neck cancer cells.
LEUKEMIA–Withania somnifera Induces Cytotoxic and Cytostatic Effects on Human T Leukemia Cells.
LIVER–Antioxidant activity and apoptotic induction as mechanisms of action of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) against a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.
LYMPHOMA–Anti-cancer activity of withaferin A in B-cell lymphoma.
MELANOMA–Viwithan, a Standardized Withania somnifera Root Extract Induces Apoptosis in Murine Melanoma Cells.
–Withania somnifera Root Extract Has Potent Cytotoxic Effect against Human Malignant Melanoma Cells.
MULTIPLE MYELOMA:–Withanolide D Exhibits Similar Cytostatic Effect in Drug-Resistant and Drug-Sensitive Multiple Myeloma Cells.
OSTEOSARCOMA:–Withaferin-A induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma U2OS cell line via generation of ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential.
–Antiproliferation potential of withaferin A on human osteosarcoma cells via the inhibition of G2/M checkpoint proteins.
OVARIAN CANCER–Withaferin a alone and in combination with cisplatin suppresses growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer by targeting putative cancer stem cells.
PROSTATE CANCER:–Withania somnifera targets interleukin-8 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human prostate cancer progression.

17. BLOOD-BRAIN PERMEABILITY:
–Blood-brain barrier permeability of bioactive withanamides present in Withania somnifera fruit extract.

18. NEURO-PROTECTIVE:
–In vitro screening of neuroprotective activity of Indian medicinal plant Withania somnifera.
–Multifunctional neuroprotective effect of Withanone, a compound from Withania somnifera roots in alleviating cognitive dysfunction.
–Withania somnifera Extract Protects Model Neurons from In Vitro Traumatic Injury.
–Aqueous extract from the Withania somnifera leaves as a potential anti-neuroinflammatory agent: a mechanistic study.

19. ANTI-NEURODEGENERATIVE:
–Neuropharmacological Properties of Withania somnifera - Indian Ginseng: An Overview on Experimental Evidence with Emphasis on Clinical Trials and Patents.
–Effects of Ashwagandha (roots of Withania somnifera) on neurodegenerative diseases.
–Neuronutrient impact of Ayurvedic Rasayana therapy in brain aging.

20. MEMORY / COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING:
–Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions.

21. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD)
–Evaluation of the efficacy of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

22. DEMENTIA:
–Ayurvedic Medicine for the Treatment of Dementia: Mechanistic Aspects.

23. ANTI-PARKINSON'S
–Withania somnifera alleviates parkinsonian phenotypes by inhibiting apoptotic pathways in dopaminergic neurons.
–Effects of five Ayurvedic herbs on locomotor behaviour in a Drosophila melanogaster Parkinson's disease model.

24. SCHIZOPHRENIA:
–Adjunctive Use of a Standardized Extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to Treat Symptom Exacerbation in Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

25. POST STROKE MANAGEMENT:
–Propensity of Withania somnifera to Attenuate Behavioural, Biochemical, and Histological Alterations in Experimental Model of Stroke.
–Withania somnifera: a pre-clinical study on neuroregenerative therapy for stroke

26. KNEE JOINT PAIN:
–A randomized, double blind placebo controlled study of efficacy and tolerability of Withaina somnifera extracts in knee joint pain.

27. POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS):
–Effect of combination of Withania somnifera Dunal and Tribulus terrestris Linn on letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats.