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Marsdenia, Murva
Tenacious Condorvine, Rajmahal Hemp, Sneeze Wort, Cotton Milk Plant, Green Milkweed Climber, Green Wax Flower, Sneezing Silk
Murva (Ayurveda)
Perunkurinjan (Siddha)
Moorwa (Unani)
Tong Guang Teng (TCM)
Murva (Ayurveda)
Perunkurinjan (Siddha)
Moorwa (Unani)
Tong Guang Teng (TCM)
Botanical name:
Marsdenia spp.
Parts used:
Root is used in Ayurveda
Root, Stem and/or Leaf is used in TCM
Temperature & Taste:
Cold, dry. Bitter, Sweet
Classification:
Marsdenia spp.
- M. tenacissima (TCM, North India) (syn. Gongronemopsis tenacissima, Asclepias tenacissima, A. tomentosa, Gymnema tenacissima)
- M. volubilis (South India) (syn. Asclepias viridiflora, Dregea volubilis, Wattakaka volubilis)
Parts used:
Root is used in Ayurveda
Root, Stem and/or Leaf is used in TCM
Temperature & Taste:
Cold, dry. Bitter, Sweet
Classification:
Uses:
1. Clears Heat, Resists Toxin:
-Fever (Charaka used Leaf and Flower)
-Swelling and pain of the Throat
-Sore, Boils, Abscess, Itchiness
-Bleeding from Heat (Ayurveda)
-used for Parasitic diseases (Ayurveda)
-has been used for HIV; has anti-HIV effects (See Research below)
2. Clears Phlegm-Heat, Stops Cough:
-Heat-type Cough, Wheezing
3. Clears Damp-Heat:
-Dysuria, obstructed Urine
-obstinate urinary diseases (Ayurveda)
-Damp-Heat Jaundice (TCM)
-Vomiting, Indigestion (Ayurveda)
-Liver disease (Ayurveda)
-Piles (Ayurveda)
4. Clears Heat and Toxin, Resolves Masses:
-Liver hardness, abdominal masses
-recently used for Cancer; Broad-spectrum anti-cancer effect (See Research below)
-enhances Chemotherapy, reduces Chemotherapy toxicity
5. Promotes Milk:
-promotes Milk when stopped or obstructed
6. Externally:
-as an ointment applied to Burns
-externally in oils for skin disease including Eczema
-juice is applied to Fungal diseases of the feet
Dose:
Root powder: 2–5 grams
Root in Decoction: 10–20 grams (API)
Comment:
In China an anti-cancer extract is used and is marketed under the name Xiao-ai-ping
Substitute:
1. Chonemorpha fragrans is used for Murva in parts of India
2. Sansevieria roxburghiana is used as Murva in Bengal
3. Maerua arenaria, Clematis gouriana, Helicteres isora and Bauhinia tomentosa have all been listed as alternate sources or substitutes.
Root powder: 2–5 grams
Root in Decoction: 10–20 grams (API)
Comment:
In China an anti-cancer extract is used and is marketed under the name Xiao-ai-ping
Substitute:
1. Chonemorpha fragrans is used for Murva in parts of India
2. Sansevieria roxburghiana is used as Murva in Bengal
3. Maerua arenaria, Clematis gouriana, Helicteres isora and Bauhinia tomentosa have all been listed as alternate sources or substitutes.
Main Combinations:
1. Piles and Liver disease, Marsdenia with Emblic Myrobalan, Plumbago, Amorphophallus and Sea Salt. (Ayurveda)
Major Formulas:
Cautions:
1. Avoid overdose
2. Allergic reactions have been reported
Toxicity:
–Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Induced by Ethanolic Extract of Marsdenia tenacissima Leaves in Experimental Rats.
–Cytotoxicity of anti-tumor herbal Marsdeniae tenacissimae extract on erythrocytes.
Main Preparations used:
1. Avoid overdose
2. Allergic reactions have been reported
Toxicity:
–Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Induced by Ethanolic Extract of Marsdenia tenacissima Leaves in Experimental Rats.
–Cytotoxicity of anti-tumor herbal Marsdeniae tenacissimae extract on erythrocytes.
Main Preparations used:
Click the Tabs above for more information on this Medicine
The fiber is used like Hemp and has been used to make bow strings.
GENERAL / REVIEW
-Murva: A Review
–Marsdenia tenacissima: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.
ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–An in vitro investigation of the phytochemical contents of Marsdenia macrantha root and its antibacterial activity against selected foodborne pathogens.
ANTIVIRAL:
HIV:
–C21 steroid derivatives from the Dai herbal medicine Dai-Bai-Jie, the dried roots of Marsdenia tenacissima, and their screening for anti-HIV activity.
–Polyoxypregnane Glycosides from the Roots of Marsdenia tenacissima and Their Anti-HIV Activities.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Tenacissoside H exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the nf-κb and p38 pathways in zebrafish.
IMMUNOMODULATORY:
–Effects of Marsdenia tenacissima polysaccharide on the immune regulation and tumor growth in H22 tumor-bearing mice.
–[Study on extraction and immune regulation of polysaccharides from Marsdenia tenacissima].
OSTEOARTHRITIS:
–Tenacissoside G alleviated osteoarthritis through the NF-κB pathway both in vitro and in vivo.
ANTI-MUTAGENIC:
–Antimutagenic activity of extracts from anticancer drugs in Chinese medicine
ANTI-ANGIOGENIC:
–Studies on the anti-angiogenic effect of Marsdenia tenacissima extract in vitro and in vivo.
CANCER.
–The Antitumor Activities of Marsdenia tenacissima.
–An ester derivative of tenacigenin B from Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn reversed paclitaxel-induced MDR in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting both P-gp and MRP2.
–In vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of tenacissoside C from Marsdenia tenacissima.
–[Antitumor activities of liposoluble components of caulis Marsdeniae tenocissimae and analysis on its chemical constituents].
–[Progress on antitumor effects of Marsdenia tenacissima].
BREAST:
–Efficacy and safety of Xiaoaiping injection for breast cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
–Xiao-Ai-Ping Injection Enhances Effect of Paclitaxel to Suppress Breast Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via Activating Transcription Factor 3.
COLORECTAL:
–Marsdenia tenacissima enhances immune response of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes to colorectal cancer.
–Tenacissoside G synergistically potentiates inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil to human colorectal cancer.
–Tenacissoside H Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of Colon Cancer Cells by Downregulating Expression of GOLPH3 Gene.
ESOPHAGEAL:
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in human esophageal carcinoma cells by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
GASTRIC:
–C21 Fraction Refined from Marsdenia tenacissima-Induced Apoptosis is Enhanced by Suppression of Autophagy in Human Gastric Cell Lines.
–Oral and injectable Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) as adjuvant therapy to chemotherapy for gastric cancer: a systematic review.
–Efficacy and Safety of Xiao Ai Ping Injection Combined with Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
GLIOMA:
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract prevents the malignant progression of glioma through upregulating lncRNA MEG3 and SFRP1-dependent inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
GLIOBLASTOMA:
–Tenacissoside H repressed the progression of glioblastoma by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
LEUKEMIA:
–Marsdenia tenacissimae extraction (MTE) inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human acute T cell leukemia cells through inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via PTEN enhancement.
LIVER:
–Multi-omics joint analysis reveals the mechanism of action of the traditional Chinese medicine Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
–Saponins of Marsdenia Tenacissima promotes apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through damaging mitochondria then activating cytochrome C/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathway.
–Extract of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon [Apocynaceae] Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting Angiogenesis.
–Marsdenia tenacissima Extract Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Cells via MIF/mToR Signaling.
–Tenacissoside H Induces Autophagy and Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
–Efficacy and safety of Xiaoaiping injection for liver cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
–C21 steroid-enriched fraction refined from Marsdenia tenacissima inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through the coordination of Hippo-Yap and PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
LUNG:
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated immunogenic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells through targeting AXL.
–Co-Fermentation of Marsdenia tenacissima with Ganoderma lucidum and Anti-Lung Cancer Effect of the Fermentation Products.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract disturbs the interaction between tumor-associated macrophages and non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting HDGF.
–A Combined Phytochemistry and Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal Potential Anti-NSCLC Effective Substances and Mechanisms in Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon (Stem).
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract promotes gefitinib accumulation in tumor tissues of lung cancer xenograft mice via inhibiting ABCG2 activity.
–Mechanism of Marsdenia tenacissima extract promoting apoptosis of lung cancer by regulating Ca2+/CaM/CaMK signaling.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract induces apoptosis and suppresses autophagy through ERK activation in lung cancer cells.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract enhances gefitinib efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts.
–Enhancement of gefitinib-induced growth inhibition by Marsdenia tenacissima extract in non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing wild or mutant EGFR.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract restored gefitinib sensitivity in resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells.
LYMPHOMA:
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis in A20 mouse lymphoma.
OVARIAN:
–[Mechanism of Marsdenia tenacissima against ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental verification].
–Tongguanteng injection reverses paclitaxel resistance via upregulation of TAB1 expression in ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.
–Xiaoaiping injection enhances paclitaxel efficacy in ovarian cancer via pregnane X receptor and its downstream molecules.
–Marsdenia Tenacissima Extract Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.
PROSTATE:
–Marsdenia tenacissima injection induces the apoptosis of prostate cancer by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/STAT3 signaling axis.
–Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon injection exerts a potential anti-tumor effect in prostate cancer through inhibiting ErbB2-GSK3β-HIF1α signaling axis.
MULTIDRUG RESISTANT CANCER:
–Polyoxypregnanes as safe, potent, and specific ABCB1-inhibitory pro-drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo.
ENHANCES CHEMOTHERAPY:
–Xiaoaiping injection enhances paclitaxel efficacy in ovarian cancer via pregnane X receptor and its downstream molecules.
–Tenacigenin B ester derivatives from Marsdenia tenacissima actively inhibited CYP3A4 and enhanced in vivo antitumor activity of paclitaxel.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract enhances gefitinib efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts.
–Total aglycones from Marsdenia tenacissima increases antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel in nude mice.
–Enhancement of gefitinib-induced growth inhibition by Marsdenia tenacissima extract in non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing wild or mutant EGFR.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract sensitizes MG63 cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract restored gefitinib sensitivity in resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells.
INDUCES RADIOSENSITIVITY:
–Tenacissoside H Induces Autophagy and Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
PROJECTS FROM CHEMOTHERAPY TOXICITY:
–The Protective Effect of Marsdenia tenacissima against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Mediated by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis.
–Cardioprotective Effect of Marsdenia tenacissima and Sansevieria roxburghiana in Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats in vivo: The Role of Dresgenin and Lupeol.
–Chinese Herbal Medicine (Xiaoaiping) Injections for Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial.
-Murva: A Review
–Marsdenia tenacissima: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.
ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–An in vitro investigation of the phytochemical contents of Marsdenia macrantha root and its antibacterial activity against selected foodborne pathogens.
ANTIVIRAL:
HIV:
–C21 steroid derivatives from the Dai herbal medicine Dai-Bai-Jie, the dried roots of Marsdenia tenacissima, and their screening for anti-HIV activity.
–Polyoxypregnane Glycosides from the Roots of Marsdenia tenacissima and Their Anti-HIV Activities.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Tenacissoside H exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating the nf-κb and p38 pathways in zebrafish.
IMMUNOMODULATORY:
–Effects of Marsdenia tenacissima polysaccharide on the immune regulation and tumor growth in H22 tumor-bearing mice.
–[Study on extraction and immune regulation of polysaccharides from Marsdenia tenacissima].
OSTEOARTHRITIS:
–Tenacissoside G alleviated osteoarthritis through the NF-κB pathway both in vitro and in vivo.
ANTI-MUTAGENIC:
–Antimutagenic activity of extracts from anticancer drugs in Chinese medicine
ANTI-ANGIOGENIC:
–Studies on the anti-angiogenic effect of Marsdenia tenacissima extract in vitro and in vivo.
CANCER.
–The Antitumor Activities of Marsdenia tenacissima.
–An ester derivative of tenacigenin B from Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn reversed paclitaxel-induced MDR in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting both P-gp and MRP2.
–In vitro and in vivo antitumor activities of tenacissoside C from Marsdenia tenacissima.
–[Antitumor activities of liposoluble components of caulis Marsdeniae tenocissimae and analysis on its chemical constituents].
–[Progress on antitumor effects of Marsdenia tenacissima].
BREAST:
–Efficacy and safety of Xiaoaiping injection for breast cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
–Xiao-Ai-Ping Injection Enhances Effect of Paclitaxel to Suppress Breast Cancer Proliferation and Metastasis via Activating Transcription Factor 3.
COLORECTAL:
–Marsdenia tenacissima enhances immune response of tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes to colorectal cancer.
–Tenacissoside G synergistically potentiates inhibitory effects of 5-fluorouracil to human colorectal cancer.
–Tenacissoside H Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration of Colon Cancer Cells by Downregulating Expression of GOLPH3 Gene.
ESOPHAGEAL:
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in human esophageal carcinoma cells by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
GASTRIC:
–C21 Fraction Refined from Marsdenia tenacissima-Induced Apoptosis is Enhanced by Suppression of Autophagy in Human Gastric Cell Lines.
–Oral and injectable Marsdenia tenacissima extract (MTE) as adjuvant therapy to chemotherapy for gastric cancer: a systematic review.
–Efficacy and Safety of Xiao Ai Ping Injection Combined with Chemotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
GLIOMA:
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract prevents the malignant progression of glioma through upregulating lncRNA MEG3 and SFRP1-dependent inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
GLIOBLASTOMA:
–Tenacissoside H repressed the progression of glioblastoma by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
LEUKEMIA:
–Marsdenia tenacissimae extraction (MTE) inhibits the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human acute T cell leukemia cells through inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via PTEN enhancement.
LIVER:
–Multi-omics joint analysis reveals the mechanism of action of the traditional Chinese medicine Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
–Saponins of Marsdenia Tenacissima promotes apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through damaging mitochondria then activating cytochrome C/Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathway.
–Extract of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon [Apocynaceae] Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Inhibiting Angiogenesis.
–Marsdenia tenacissima Extract Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis of Hepatocellular Cells via MIF/mToR Signaling.
–Tenacissoside H Induces Autophagy and Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
–Efficacy and safety of Xiaoaiping injection for liver cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.
–C21 steroid-enriched fraction refined from Marsdenia tenacissima inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through the coordination of Hippo-Yap and PTEN-PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
LUNG:
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated immunogenic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells through targeting AXL.
–Co-Fermentation of Marsdenia tenacissima with Ganoderma lucidum and Anti-Lung Cancer Effect of the Fermentation Products.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract disturbs the interaction between tumor-associated macrophages and non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting HDGF.
–A Combined Phytochemistry and Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal Potential Anti-NSCLC Effective Substances and Mechanisms in Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon (Stem).
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract promotes gefitinib accumulation in tumor tissues of lung cancer xenograft mice via inhibiting ABCG2 activity.
–Mechanism of Marsdenia tenacissima extract promoting apoptosis of lung cancer by regulating Ca2+/CaM/CaMK signaling.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract induces apoptosis and suppresses autophagy through ERK activation in lung cancer cells.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract enhances gefitinib efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts.
–Enhancement of gefitinib-induced growth inhibition by Marsdenia tenacissima extract in non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing wild or mutant EGFR.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract restored gefitinib sensitivity in resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells.
LYMPHOMA:
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis in A20 mouse lymphoma.
OVARIAN:
–[Mechanism of Marsdenia tenacissima against ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental verification].
–Tongguanteng injection reverses paclitaxel resistance via upregulation of TAB1 expression in ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.
–Xiaoaiping injection enhances paclitaxel efficacy in ovarian cancer via pregnane X receptor and its downstream molecules.
–Marsdenia Tenacissima Extract Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.
PROSTATE:
–Marsdenia tenacissima injection induces the apoptosis of prostate cancer by regulating the AKT/GSK3β/STAT3 signaling axis.
–Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon injection exerts a potential anti-tumor effect in prostate cancer through inhibiting ErbB2-GSK3β-HIF1α signaling axis.
MULTIDRUG RESISTANT CANCER:
–Polyoxypregnanes as safe, potent, and specific ABCB1-inhibitory pro-drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo.
ENHANCES CHEMOTHERAPY:
–Xiaoaiping injection enhances paclitaxel efficacy in ovarian cancer via pregnane X receptor and its downstream molecules.
–Tenacigenin B ester derivatives from Marsdenia tenacissima actively inhibited CYP3A4 and enhanced in vivo antitumor activity of paclitaxel.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract enhances gefitinib efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer xenografts.
–Total aglycones from Marsdenia tenacissima increases antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel in nude mice.
–Enhancement of gefitinib-induced growth inhibition by Marsdenia tenacissima extract in non-small cell lung cancer cells expressing wild or mutant EGFR.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract sensitizes MG63 cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis.
–Marsdenia tenacissima extract restored gefitinib sensitivity in resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells.
INDUCES RADIOSENSITIVITY:
–Tenacissoside H Induces Autophagy and Radiosensitivity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway.
PROJECTS FROM CHEMOTHERAPY TOXICITY:
–The Protective Effect of Marsdenia tenacissima against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity Mediated by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis.
–Cardioprotective Effect of Marsdenia tenacissima and Sansevieria roxburghiana in Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats in vivo: The Role of Dresgenin and Lupeol.
–Chinese Herbal Medicine (Xiaoaiping) Injections for Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial.