Curcuma, Turmeric, Jiang Huang 姜黄

Tumeric; Cyperus indicus (Dioscorides)
Jiang Huang (TCM)
Haridra (Ayurveda)

Icones Plantarum Medcio-oeconomico, Vietz, 1800

Parkinson, Theatrum Botanicum, 1640

Whole Turmeric Root (Adam, 2016)

LONG AND ROUND TURMERIC
Notes on Pharmacognosy, Otto Augustus Wall, 1902

Long and Round Turmeric, Chengdu Medicine Market
(Adam, 2017)

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Botanical name:
Curcuma longa (syn. C. domestica, C. rotunda, C. xanthorrhiza, Amomum curcuma)
Long and Round types were traditionally used.

Parts used:
Root (long and round)

Temperature & Taste:
Warm, dry. Pungent, Bitter
cleansing, attenuating, opening, digesting, discussing

Classifications:
2A APERIENT MEDICINES     2F. PURIFYING
3G. EMMENAGOGUE

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Uses:
1. Moves the Blood, Clears Stasis, Eases Pain:
-pain from Cold and Blood stagnation: Chest, Abdominal or Joint pain
-Arthritis, Rheumatism, Headache, Sprains, Fractures
-relaxes and loosens Tendons and Ligaments; used as an aid in Yoga

2. Moves the Blood, Promotes Menstruation:
-Dysmenorrhea from coldness and blood stagnation
-given at Childbirth to promote Labor

3. Moves Qi, Opens Obstructions:
-Jaundice and all obstructions of the Gall Bladder
-poor Liver function, Hepatitis, Fatty Liver
-chronic Inflammatory diseases of the Bowels: Colitis, Ulcerative Colitis, Crohn's Disease
-'accumulation and stagnation formed in the epigastrium and abdomen'. (Ben Cao Gang Mu)

4. Clears Damp, Promotes Urine:
-Edema; retention of Urine
-Cystitis; Turbid Urine
-Diabetes (Ayurveda)

5. Clears Cold Phlegm, Stops Cough:
-Chronic Cough, Bronchitis, Bronchial Asthma
-Chronic Rhinitis, Allergic Rhinitis, Sinusitis

6. Clears Wind, Resists Poison:
-Colds, Sore Throat
-Measles, Urticaria, Leprosy
-'sudden onset of pain of arthralgia due to attack of pathogenic Wind and Cold'. (Da Ming)
-'disperses invading pathogenic Wind and Heat' (Ben Cao Gang Mu)

7. Used as a Contraceptive:
-root impregnated with Goat urine was said to make a man sterile if taken
-Turmeric taken for 3 days during menstruation and 3 days after is used as a Contraceptive for women (Ayurveda)

8. Externally:
-externally with Alum is excellent for Sprains, Bruises, Wounds, Black Eyes etc; in India a paste of Turmeric with Lime and Salt, or a paste with Myrrh and Egg White is applied
-Also used to cleanse foul Ulcers.
-As a lotion or paste, it is used to promote scab formation in Chicken Pox Eruptions, Measles, Mumps, Herpes lesions, Leprosy sores, Ringworm and Scabies, as well as for Pimples, Boils, Eczema and Psoriasis and all inflammatory skin diseases.
-Boils and Cysts, Turmeric ashes are applied as a paste with water
-The paste has also been applied to poisonous stings and bites, including those of Leeches
-the fumes of burning Turmeric has been used in Ayurveda as a fumigation for Scorpion bites.
-A decoction is used as a wash for eye disorders including Conjunctivitis, Opthalmia, and festering Eye inflammations

Dose:
Powder: 1–3 grams

Substitutes:
 ... available in PRO version

Correctives:
 ... available in PRO version

Main Combinations:
Barberry & Turmeric
Turmeric is often combined with Neem in Ayurveda

Liver:
1. Jaundice:
i. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
iii. Turmeric (½ oz.),  ... available in PRO version
iv Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
v. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
vi. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
2. Hepatitis:
i. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
ii. Damp-heat with deficiency, Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
iii. Damp-Heat, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version

Inflammation, Arthritis:
3. Inflammation (Heat with Blood stagnation):
i. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
iii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
iv. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
v. from Damp-Heat (Phlegm-Bile), Turmeric and  ... available in PRO version
4. Arthritis:
i. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
iii. Tumeric,  ... available in PRO version
iv. Tumeric,  ... available in PRO version
v. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
5. Psoriatic Arthritis, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
6. Gout from Phlegm, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version

Blood Stagnation, Circulation:
7. Blood stagnation, Bruising, fixed or chronic Pain:
i. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
iii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
iv. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
8. Chest pain, Angina, Atherosclerosis:
i. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
iii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
9. High Cholesterol:
i. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version

Gynecology:
10. Promotes Menstruation:
i. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
iii. Turmeric powder (½ dram),  ... available in PRO version
iv. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
v. Blood stagnation with pain and clots, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
11. Cervical Dysplasia, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version

Clear Heat:
12. Acute Sore Throat, Cold, Flu, Fever, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
13. Pharyngitis, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
14. Dermatitis, Urticaria, Itching:
i. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
iii. from Wind-Phlegm, Neem, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
iv. Inflammatory skin conditions, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
v. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
15. Acne, Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version

Other:
16. Diabetes:
i. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
iii. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
iv. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
v. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
vi. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
vii. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
17. Memory loss, poor concentration, speech disorders, Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version

Externally:
18. Topically for skin inflammation or infection:
i. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version
19. Hemorrhoids, Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
20. Eye disorders:
i. Turmeric with  ... available in PRO version
ii. Turmeric,  ... available in PRO version

Major Formula
Turmeric Decoction 4 (Yung ba 4) (Tibetan Medicine)
Emblic 6 (Kyu ru duk pa) (Tibetan Medicine)

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Cautions:
1. Not used during Pregnancy (note that it has been used for Bleeding during Pregnancy)
2. High doses aggravate Heat types (Pitta-Bile constitutions)

Drug Interactions:
May potentiate anticoagulant and anti-platelet medication.

Main Preparations used:

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• Extra Info
  
• History
• Research

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Click the Tabs above for more information on this Medicine

Dioscorides mentions an Indian plant as a kind of Cyperus resembling ginger, but having when chewed a yellow colour and bitter taste: probably turmeric was intended. Garcia de Orta (1563), as well as Fragoso (1572), describe turmeric as Crocus indicus. A list of drugs sold in the city of Frankfort about the year 1450, names Curcuma along with zedoary and ginger.

In its native countries, it has from remote times been highly esteemed both as a condiment and a dye-stuff; in Europe, it has always been less appreciated than the allied spices of the ginger tribe. In an inventory of the effects of a Yorkshire tradesman, dated 20th Sept., 1578, we find enumerated—"x. ouncis of turmeracke, x d." (Pharmacographia, Fluckiger & Hanbury, 1879)

GENERAL / REVIEW
–A Comprehensive Review on the Therapeutic Potential of Curcuma longa Linn. in Relation to its Major Active Constituent Curcumin

ANTIBACTERIAL:
–Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Curcuma longa rhizome extract against Staphylococcus aureus
–Antimicrobial Potential of Single Metabolites of Curcuma longa Assessed in the Total Extract by Thin-Layer Chromatography-Based Bioautography and Image Analysis
–Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Leaves of Curcuma longa L. Kasur Variety
–Antimicrobial Activity of Curcuma longa L. Extract on Periodontal Pathogens

ANTI-FUNGAL:
–Evaluation of the antifungal efficacy of different concentrations of Curcuma longa on Candida albicans: An in vitro study
–The Inhibitory Effects of Curcuma longa L. Essential Oil and Curcumin on Aspergillus flavus Link Growth and Morphology
–Antifungal activity, main active components and mechanism of Curcuma longa extract against Fusarium graminearum

ANTI-OXIDANT:
–The effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome and curcumin on total and differential WBC and serum oxidant, antioxidant biomarkers in rat model of asthma

COVID
–Activity of phytochemical constituents of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and Andrographis paniculata against coronavirus (COVID-19): an in silico approach

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY:
–Curcuma longa extract improves serum inflammatory markers and mental health in healthy participants who are overweight: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
–Anti-inflammatory Effect of Curcuma longa and Allium hookeri Co-treatment via NF-κB and COX-2 Pathways
–Benefits of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants

IMMUNOMODULATORY:
–Evaluation of in vitro anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory activities of compounds isolated from Curcuma longa

POSTPRANDIAL DISTRESS SYNDROME:
–Efficacy of Curcuma longa in treatment of postprandial distress syndrome: An open-label randomized-controlled trial

PROBIOTIC:
–Interaction of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with beneficial microbes: a review

COLITIS / INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION:
–EFFICACY OF CURCUMA LONGA IN THE TREATMENT OF DIVERSION COLITIS IN RATS
–Effects of Boswellia Serrata Roxb. and Curcuma longa L. in an In Vitro Intestinal Inflammation Model Using Immune Cells and Caco-2
–Effect of turmeric on colon histology, body weight, ulcer, IL-23, MPO and glutathione in acetic-acid-induced inflammatory bowel disease in rats

ANTI-OBESITY:
–Anti-obesity effect of extract from fermented Curcuma longa L. through regulation of adipogenesis and lipolysis pathway in high-fat diet-induced obese rats

FATTY LIVER DISEASE:
–Water Extract of Curcuma longa L. Ameliorates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

CHOLESTEROL
–Curcumin and Curcuma longa L. extract ameliorate lipid accumulation through the regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum redox and ER stress

HEPATOBILIARY DISEASE:
–Preclinical Evidence of Curcuma longa and Its Noncurcuminoid Constituents against Hepatobiliary Diseases: A Review

HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
–Hot water extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa) prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation
–A hot water extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa) suppresses acute ethanol-induced liver injury in mice by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production
–Does Curcuma longa root powder have an effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: a protective and curative approach
–Protective effect of Curcuma longa L. extract on CCl4-induced acute hepatic stress

ATHEROSCLEROSIS:
–Herbal composition of Cinnamomum cassia, Pinus densiflora, Curcuma longa and Glycyrrhiza glabra prevents atherosclerosis by upregulating p27 (Kip1) expression

DIABETES:
–Recent Progress for the Utilization of Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum and Phoenix dactylifera Seeds against Type 2 Diabetes
–Effects of resistance training and turmeric supplementation on reactive species marker stress in diabetic rats

ASTHMA:
–The effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa rhizome and curcumin on total and differential WBC and serum oxidant, antioxidant biomarkers in rat model of asthma

ANXIOLYTIC, SEDATIVE, ANTICONVULSANT:
–Neuropharmacological profile and chemical analysis of fresh rhizome essential oil of Curcuma longa (turmeric) cultivated in Southwest Nigeria

PARKINSON'S DISEASE:
–Dose-dependent effect of Curcuma longa for the treatment of Parkinson's disease

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE:
–Supplementation with Curcuma longa Reverses Neurotoxic and Behavioral Damage in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
–Effects of curcuminoids identified in rhizomes of Curcuma longa on BACE-1 inhibitory and behavioral activity and lifespan of Alzheimer’s disease Drosophila models

EMOTIONAL STATE:
–Effect of a water extract of Curcuma longa on emotional states in healthy participants

OSTEOARTHRITIS:
–The efficacy and safety of Curcuma longa extract and curcumin supplements on osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
–Reflections about Osteoarthritis and Curcuma longa
–Bio-optimized Curcuma longa extract is efficient on knee osteoarthritis pain: a double-blind multicenter randomized placebo controlled three-arm study
–Bioactive Turmerosaccharides from Curcuma longa Extract (NR-INF-02): Potential Ameliorating Effect on Osteoarthritis Pain

PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS:
–Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis With Acupuncture, Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Sarsaparilla (Smilax officinalis) and Vitamin D: A Case Report

CANCER:
–Unveiling antimicrobial and anticancerous behavior of AuNPs and AgNPs moderated by rhizome extracts of Curcuma longa from diverse altitudes of Himalaya
CERVICAL:
–In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a standardized Curcuma longa Linn formulation in cervical cancer
LUNG:
–Inhibition of lung cancer cells A549 and H460 by curcuminoid extracts and nanoemulsions prepared from Curcuma longa Linnaeus
PROSTATE:
–Curcumin against Prostate Cancer: Current Evidence
–Combinatorial cytotoxic effects of Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale on the PC-3M prostate cancer cell line

PTERYGIUM:
–Curcuma longa Is Able to Induce Apoptotic Cell Death of Pterygium-Derived Human Keratinocytes