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Ceruse, White LeadCerussa; Flake Lead; Psimytim, Aphidegi
Oxydum Plumbi, Oxydum Plumbi album, Cerussa alba, Subcarbonas Plumbi, Carbonas Plumbi, Subacetas Plumbi |
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Ortus Sanitatis, Beck, 1517
Mineralogical name:
Ceruse. Basic Lead Carbonate. PbCO3 (Pb 80%; PbO 86.3%; CO2, 11.3%)
It is a complex salt composed of both carbonates and hydroxides of Lead.
Parts Used:
It may be found naturally in the form of Cerussite, but was commonly prepared artificially.
Temperature & Taste:
Cold, dry. Toxic
PROPERTIES:
Crystal system: massive granular, reticulate, tabular
Color: Colorless, white, gray, blue, or green
Streak: White
Cleavage: good
Fracture: brittle
Luster: adamantine, vitreous, resinous
Transparency: Transparent to translucent
Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Specific Gravity: 6.5
Classifications:
T. External Medicines
Ceruse. Basic Lead Carbonate. PbCO3 (Pb 80%; PbO 86.3%; CO2, 11.3%)
It is a complex salt composed of both carbonates and hydroxides of Lead.
Parts Used:
It may be found naturally in the form of Cerussite, but was commonly prepared artificially.
Temperature & Taste:
Cold, dry. Toxic
PROPERTIES:
Crystal system: massive granular, reticulate, tabular
Color: Colorless, white, gray, blue, or green
Streak: White
Cleavage: good
Fracture: brittle
Luster: adamantine, vitreous, resinous
Transparency: Transparent to translucent
Hardness: 3 to 3.5
Specific Gravity: 6.5
Classifications:
T. External Medicines
Uses:
1. Used for Eye diseases:
-the Bhasma is used in Ayurveda for a variety of Eye diseases such as Myopia, Hypermetropia, Cataract, Conjunctivitis, Glaucoma and Corneal opacity.
-strengthens the Eyes, improves their appearance and both treats and prevents diseases of them. (Ayurveda)
-used around the eye-lids (like antimony) to protect and beautify the eyes.
2. Promotes Healing:
-topically for Chronic Ulcers including those of the Legs. (West, Ayurveda)
3. Clears Heat, Stops Bleeding:
-heat diseases manifesting with Bleeding from various parts of the body. (Ayurveda)
-Menorrhagia. (Ayurveda)
4. Contraceptive:
-when correctly used, the purified product is said to be able to ‘cause Menopause’, thereby acting as an Oral Contraceptive. (Dash)
5. Used in Alchemy:
-In Alchemy, it is said to ‘Kill Gold’, and helps soften certain Metals.
DOSE:
Generally obsolete. It has been used internally, but was most used externally.
NOTE:
1. Although Lead preparations are still used internally in some systems, they have no place internally in modern Traditional Medicine.
2. Lead Sulphide and Antimony were traditionally both confused and used synonymously. Antimony is often applied to the eyes, still today, to protect from various eye diseases. Modern research has found Antimony to be toxic to the Eyes, while Lead Sulphide is not.
Generally obsolete. It has been used internally, but was most used externally.
NOTE:
1. Although Lead preparations are still used internally in some systems, they have no place internally in modern Traditional Medicine.
2. Lead Sulphide and Antimony were traditionally both confused and used synonymously. Antimony is often applied to the eyes, still today, to protect from various eye diseases. Modern research has found Antimony to be toxic to the Eyes, while Lead Sulphide is not.
Main Combinations:
1. Leg Ulcers:
i. topically with Bile (Galen)
ii. Ceruse, Bile (Swan) and Turpentine applied heal deep sores and ulcers of the legs (The Secrets of Alexis, 1615)
2. Scrofulous Ulcers, Ceruse (1 part), Oak bark (12 parts); powder and sprinkle on. (Pharmacopoeia medici practici universalis, Bruxelles, 1817)
3. Erysipelas:
i. Ceruse, Chalk (1 oz.), Kaolin (2 oz.), Spirit of Camphor (sufficient to make a paste to make into balls). (Pharmacopoeia Generalis, 1783)
4. Burns:
i. Camphorated White Ointment, Ointment of Marshmallow (equal parts). Mix. (Pharmacopea Usuelle, Louvain, 1821)
ii. Camphor (1 oz.), Rose oil (3 oz.), Ceruse (6 oz.), Olibanum (2 oz.), Egg whites (7). Triturate. (Dispensatorium medico pharmaceuticum Palatinatus, 1764)
iii. Elder bark, Lime tree bark, Plantain juice, Houseleek juice, Linseed oil, Suet, Ceruse. (Pharmacopoeia Wirtembergica, 1798)
5. Inflammations and Pain from Heat, with Camphor and Vinegar topically
6. Opthalmia:
i. Ceruse (4 oz.), Starch (3 drams), Gum Arabic (1 dram), Tragacanth dissolved in Rose Water (1 ½ oz.). (Memorial Pharmaceutique, 1824)
7. Hemorrhoids:
i. Ceruse, Tragacanth, Starch, Camphor, Egg white, form an ointment with Rose oil, Mullein oil and Yellow Wax. (Dispensatorium medico pharmaceuticum Palatinatus, 1764)
Major Formulas:
Plaster for Leg Ulcers (Galen)
White Ungent
Ointment of Ceruse Camphorated (Rhasis)
Cautions:
1. Toxic. Should not be used internally.
2. Only used externally for 2–3 weeks without a break in treatment.
Main Preparations used:
Washed Ceruse, White Ointment, White Troches
1. White Ointment:
Used for Wounds, Ulcers, as well as Strains of the joints.
i. Simple Ointment (5 parts), Ceruse (1 part). Mix. (Edinborough)
ii. Olive oil (3 parts), White Wax, Ceruse (1 part each). Make an ointment. (Memorial Pharmaceutique, 1824)
iii. Olive oil (0.75 oz.), Wax, washed Ceruse (of each 2 oz.). Melt the wax in the oil, mix in the Ceruse;
iv. White Wax (3 parts), Rose oil (12 parts), Ceruse (4 parts). Make an ointment. (Pharmacopoeia Sardoa, 1773)
2. Camphorated White Ointment:
i. White Ointment (24 parts), Camphor, triturated with Oil of Almonds (1 part). Triturate. (Dispensatorium Pharmaceuticum, 1777)
3. White Troches (of Rhazes):
These are later abbreviated formulas which often still carried the name of Rhazes.
i. Ceruse (5 drams), Tragacanth (3 drams). triturate together. (Pharmacopoeia medici practici universalis, Bruxelles, 1817)
ii. Ceruse (1 ½ oz.), Gum Ammoniac, Starch (2 drams), Camphor (½ dram). Powdered separately, mix and form troches with water.
iii. Ceruse (6 drams), Gum Arabic, Tragacanth (½ oz. each), Sarcocolla (3 oz.). Powder. (Dispensatorium Pharmaceuticum, 1777)
iv. Ceruse (10 drams), Starch (½ oz.), Gum Arabic, Tragacanth (2 drams each), Camphor (½ dram). Powder. (Pharmacopoeia Amstelodamensis, 1792)
1. Toxic. Should not be used internally.
2. Only used externally for 2–3 weeks without a break in treatment.
Main Preparations used:
Washed Ceruse, White Ointment, White Troches
1. White Ointment:
Used for Wounds, Ulcers, as well as Strains of the joints.
i. Simple Ointment (5 parts), Ceruse (1 part). Mix. (Edinborough)
ii. Olive oil (3 parts), White Wax, Ceruse (1 part each). Make an ointment. (Memorial Pharmaceutique, 1824)
iii. Olive oil (0.75 oz.), Wax, washed Ceruse (of each 2 oz.). Melt the wax in the oil, mix in the Ceruse;
iv. White Wax (3 parts), Rose oil (12 parts), Ceruse (4 parts). Make an ointment. (Pharmacopoeia Sardoa, 1773)
2. Camphorated White Ointment:
i. White Ointment (24 parts), Camphor, triturated with Oil of Almonds (1 part). Triturate. (Dispensatorium Pharmaceuticum, 1777)
3. White Troches (of Rhazes):
These are later abbreviated formulas which often still carried the name of Rhazes.
i. Ceruse (5 drams), Tragacanth (3 drams). triturate together. (Pharmacopoeia medici practici universalis, Bruxelles, 1817)
ii. Ceruse (1 ½ oz.), Gum Ammoniac, Starch (2 drams), Camphor (½ dram). Powdered separately, mix and form troches with water.
iii. Ceruse (6 drams), Gum Arabic, Tragacanth (½ oz. each), Sarcocolla (3 oz.). Powder. (Dispensatorium Pharmaceuticum, 1777)
iv. Ceruse (10 drams), Starch (½ oz.), Gum Arabic, Tragacanth (2 drams each), Camphor (½ dram). Powder. (Pharmacopoeia Amstelodamensis, 1792)
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Salmon, Seplasium:
'It is prepared by Vaporous Calcination of Lead.' 'All sorts of Ceruse and White Lead, are cold, bind, and incrassate; they repress Lust, fill Ulcers with flesh, dry, heal, and cicatrize, are said to be good in Excrescencies, help Cheronious, Phagedenick, Cacocthick, Cancerous, and other malignant Ulcers; they are also good against Tetters, Ringworms, Burnings and Scaldings; They dissolve hard and scirrhus [Fibroid] Tumors, are good against Bruises, as also against Redness and Inflammations of the Eyes, being used with well-water, or applied to the Eye-lids in an Ointment. They are also good against the Piles or Hemorrhoids, Inflammations and Ulcers of the Fundament [anus], mixed with Oil Olive, and anointed; and they heal and cicatrize those Sores and Ulcers, which are otherwise hardly to be cured. Inwardly taken it is mortal, causing a Cough, Dryness, Sluggishness, difficulty of Breathing, Shortness of Breath, and at last Death'. |
How to Make Ceruse From Paracelsus:
‘The preparation of Cerussa for Medicine is as follows: Suspend plates of Lead in an unglazed vessel over strong Vinegar made from wine, the vessel in warm ashes, or, in winter, behind the fire. Then, after ten or 14 days, you will find the very best cerussa adhering to the plates. Scrape this off with a Hare’s foot, and replace the plate over the Vinegar until you have sufficient Cerussa. The other preparation of Cerussa for Alchemy is like the former, save that a quantity of the best Sal Ammoniac must be dissolved in the Vinegar. In this way you will have a very beautiful Cerussa, most suitable for purging Tin or Lead, or for removing whiteness from Copper’. |