Sargassum, Hai Zao 海藻
Hai Zao (TCM)
Botanical name:
Sargassum spp.
- S. pallidum
- S. fusiforme
A number of related species are used including S. vachellianurn, S. siliquastrum, S. muticum, S. herniphyllurn, S. thunbergii
Parts used:
Dried seaweed
Temperature & Taste:
Cold, dry. Salty, Bitter
Classification:
Uses:
1. Clears Phlegm, Softens Hardness, Reduces Masses:
-Nodes, Nodules, swollen Lymph nodes, Scrofula
-Goiter
-Tumors, mobile and fixed abdominal masses
-pain and swelling of the Testicles
-‘goiter, tumor, hard cervical tubercular lymphadenitis, carbuncles and swelling, abdominal hard mass’ (Shen Nong Ben Cao)
2. Clears Phlegm, Stops Cough:
-used for Chronic Cough and Bronchitis with Phlegm (Korea)
3. Clears Damp, Promotes Urine:
-Edema and leg swelling (adjunct)
-‘purges edema of 12 kinds’ (Shen Nong Ben Cao)
-difficult urination, Strangury
-adjunct to help people lose weight
Dose:
Decoction: 6–15 grams
Powder; 1–3 grams
Comment:
This, along with Kelp (Kun Bu) and Laminaria (Hai Dai) are the 3 types of Seaweed regularly used in TCM. They are all used similarly, but Kelp is generally regarded as strongest of the three and is most used, although it is often combined with Sargassum (Hai Zao). Sargassum has an added bitterness that is absent in Kelp, but the latter is regarded as colder and stronger in effect.
Preparation:
It is washed of excess salt, then baked dry. (Li Shi Zhen)
Substitute:
Kelp can generally be substituted.
Main Combinations:
1. Scrofula, swollen Lymph nodes, Goiter:
i. Sargassum Hai Zao with Licorice (Li Gao)
ii. Sargassum Hai Zao with Ecklonia Kun Bu, Fritillaria Zhe Bei Mu, Citrus Chen Pi (as in Hai Zao Yu Hu Tang)
iii. Scrofula from Phlegm-Heat, Sargassum Hai Zao with Self Heal (Xia Ku Cao), Figwort (Xuan Shen), Forsythia Lian Qiao, (as in Nei Xiao Luo Li Wan from Yang Yi Da Quan [A Compendium of External Diseases]).
iv. Scrofula from Phlegm-Heat, Sargassum Hai Zao with Pumice (Fu Shi), Oyster shell (Mu Li), Fritillaria Zhe Bei Mu
v. Scrofula from Phlegm-Heat, Sargassum Hai Zao with Clam shell (Ge Qiao), Kelp (Kun Bu)
vi. Thyroid Nodules, Sargassum Hai Zao with Self Heal (Xia Ku Cao), Zedoary (E Zhu), Fritillaria Zhe Bei Mu
vii. Thyroid Swellings, Sargassum Hai Zao with Dioscorea bulbifera Huang Yao Zi, Kelp (Kun Bu), Self Heal (Xia Ku Cao)
viii. Goiter, Sargassum Hai Zao with Pinellia Ban Xia, Fritillaria Zhe Bei Mu, Kelp (Kun Bu)
ix. Goiter, Sargassum Hai Zao with Gentian (Long Dan Cao), Clam Shell (Hai Ge Ke), Tetrapanax Tong Cao (as in Po Jie San from San Yin Fang [Prescriptions for the Three Types of Disorder]).
2. Cancer:
i. fixed masses in the Throat in Esophageal Cancer, Sargassum Hai Zao with Leech (Shui Zhi)
ii. of the Stomach, Esophagus, Liver, Bowel, Thyroid, Sargassum Hai Zao with Dioscorea bulbifera Huang Yao Zi, Hedyotis Bai Hua She She Cao, Job’s Tears (Yi Yi Ren).
3. Edema with Urinary difficulty, Sargassum Hai Zao with Polyporus Zhu Ling, Water Plantain root (Ze Xie), Plantain seed (Che Qian Zi)
4. Swelling of the Testes, Sargassum Hai Zao with Tangerine seed (Ju He), Costus Mu Xiang, Cinnamon (Rou Gui), Peach kernel (Tao Ren) (as in Ju He Wan)
5. Breast Nodules or Hyperplasia:
i. from Liver Qi stagnation with Breast nodules of different size, soft or moderately hard, abdominal discomfort before menstruation, Sargassum Hai Zao with Bupleurum Chai Hu, Cyperus rotundus (Xiang Fu), Citrus Qing Pi, Vaccaria Wang Bu Liu Xing, Dodder seed (Tu Si Zi) (as in Ru Ji Ling Keli of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia)
ii. or acute Mastitis, from Phlegm-Heat Sargassum Hai Zao with Dandelion (Pu Gong Ying), Trichosanthes root (Tian Hua Fen), Paeonia Chi Shao Yao, Costus Mu Xiang, Figwort (Xuan Shen), Self Heal (Xia Ku Cao), Safflower (Hong Hua).
6. Obesity:
i. Heat, Sargassum Hai Zao with Dandelion
ii. Phlegm, Sargassum Hai Zao with Citrus Chen Pi, Pinellia Bai Zhu
iii. Cold and Damp, Sargassum Hai Zao with Ginger, Cinnamon, Fennel seed
iv. Sargassum Hai Zao with Turmeric, Pomegranate peel (see resrach below)
v. Liver congestion, Sargassum Hai Zao with Wormwood, Aniseed
vi. Excess and Constipation, Sargassum Hai Zao with Rhubarb, Fennel seed
vii. Food Stagnation, Sargassum Hai Zao with Hawthorn, Orange peel
Major Formulas:
Ju He Wan
Hai Zao Yu Hu Tang
Si Hai Shu Yu Wan
Cautions:
Not suitable for Stomach Cold and Spleen Deficiency
Drug Interactions:
Traditionally considered incompatible with Licorice (TCM). Although Li Shi Zhen said they were successfully combined for Scrofula.
Main Preparations used:
GENERAL / REVIEW
–Recent Advances in the Structure, Extraction, and Biological Activity of Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides.
–Bioactivities of the Popular Edible Brown Seaweed Sargassum fusiforme: A Review.
–Distribution, accumulation and health risk assessment of trace elements in Sargassum fusiforme.
–Hizikia fusiformis: Pharmacological and Nutritional Properties.
–Therapeutic and nutraceutical potentials of a brown seaweed Sargassum fusiforme.
–Chemical Constituents from Sargassum fusiforme (Harv.) Setch.
–Composition, isolation, purification and biological activities of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides: A review.
ANTIBACTERIAL
–Molecular docking and antibacterial activity of Sargassum fusiforme extracts against major coral pathogens.
–Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of carboxymethylated and hydroxamated degraded polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme.
ANTI-VIRAL
–Inhibition of Norovirus GII.4 binding to HBGAs by Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide.
–The antiviral property of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide for avian leukosis virus subgroup J in vitro and in vivo.
ADENOVIRUS
–Study on the Anti-Adenovirus Mechanism of Sargassum fusiforme.
RESPIRATORY VIRUS
–Cordycepin, lactoferrin, and Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides protects against RSV via M2-like macrophage polarization.
–Antiviral activity of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme against respiratory syncytial virus.
–Inhibitory Effect of Sargassum fusiforme and Its Components on Replication of Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Vitro and In Vivo.
ANTIOXIDANT
–Protective Effect of Sargassum fusiforme Fucoidan against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Damage in In Vitro and In Vivo Models.
–Purification, physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme by hydrogen peroxide/ascorbic acid-assisted extraction.
–Improved antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity of polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme by degradation.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
–Glycoprotein from Sargassum fusiforme exhibiting anti-inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo via modulation of TLR4/MyD88 and NF-kappaB signaling.
–In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties of an active fucoidan fraction from Sargassum fusiforme and a fraction-based hydrogel.
–UV/H(2)O(2)-Degraded Polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme: Purification, Structural Properties, and Anti-Inflammatory Activity.
–Anti-inflammatory effect of fucoidan isolated from fermented Sargassum fusiforme in in vitro and in vivo models.
IMMUNE ENHANCING
–Structural characterization and immune-enhancing effects of a novel polysaccharide extracted from Sargassum fusiforme.
–Structural investigation and immunological activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme.
–A polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme protects against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice.
–Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme.
OSTEOPOROSIS
–Sulfated galactofucan from Sargassum fusiforme protects against postmenopausal osteoporosis by regulating bone remodeling
MENOPAUSE
–Combination of Sargassum fusiforme and Pueraria lobata Extracts Alleviates Postmenopausal Symptoms in Ovariectomized Rats.
NEUROPROTECTIVE
–A study of neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of heteropolysaccharides from six Sargassum species.
ANTICONVULSANT
–Fucosterol, a sterol extracted from Sargassum fusiforme, shows antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects.
ANTIDEPRESSANT
–Fucosterol, a sterol extracted from Sargassum fusiforme, shows antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects.
LEARNING & MEMORY DEFICIT
–Structural elucidation and protective role of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme on ameliorating learning and memory deficiencies in mice.
ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
–Supplementation of Seaweed Extracts to the Diet Reduces Symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease in the APPswePS1ΔE9 Mouse Model.
–24(S)-Saringosterol Prevents Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer’s Disease.
–Dietary Sargassum fusiforme improves memory and reduces amyloid plaque load in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model.
HYPOLIPIDEMIC
–Hypolipidemic effect of polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme and its ultrasonic degraded polysaccharide on zebrafish fed high-fat diet.
–Hypolipidemic Activity and Mechanism of Action of Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides.
REGULATES INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA
–A fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme with novel structure and its regulatory effects on intestinal microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice.
–In vitro fermentation characteristics of polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme and its modulation effects on gut microbiota.
–Sargassum fusiforme Polysaccharides Prevent High-Fat Diet-Induced Early Fasting Hypoglycemia and Regulate the Gut Microbiota Composition.
OBESITY
–Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan ameliorates diet-induced obesity through enhancing thermogenesis of adipose tissues and modulating gut microbiota.
–Sargassum fusiforme together with turmeric extract and pomegranate peel extract alleviates obesity in high fat-fed C57BL/6J mice.
–Sargassum fusiforme Fucoidan Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance Associated with the Improvement of Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota Profile.
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
–Fermented Sargassum fusiforme Mitigates Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Regulating the Intestinal Barrier, Oxidative Stress, and the NF-kappaB Pathway.
ANTI-TYROSINASE
–Improved antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity of polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme by degradation.
HYPOGLYCEMIC / DIABETES
–Bioprocessing of Sargassum fusiforme via Lactobacillus Fermentation: Effects on Nutrient Composition, Organoleptic Properties, and In Vitro Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities.
–The potential auxiliary effects of Sargassum fusiform polysaccharides on sitagliptin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
–The Effect of Sargassum fusiforme and Fucus vesiculosus on Continuous Glucose Levels in Overweight Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Feasibility Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
–Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide is a potential auxiliary substance for metformin in the management of diabetes.
–Sargassum fusiforme Alginate Relieves Hyperglycemia and Modulates Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetic Mice.
–Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan alleviates diet-induced insulin resistance by inhibiting colon-derived ceramide biosynthesis.
–Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan modifies gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites during alleviation of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice.
–Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide partly replaces acarbose against type 2 diabetes in rats.
–Antidiabetic effects and underlying mechanisms of anti-digestive dietary polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme in rats.
–Physicochemical properties of polysaccharide fractions from Sargassum fusiforme and their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities in type 2 diabetic rats.
ANTI-TUMOR
–Antitumor activity and underlying mechanism of Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides in CNE-bearing mice.
–Anti-tumor activity of sulfated polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme.
–Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme.
–[Influence of sargassum fusiforme polysaccharide on apoptosis of tumor cells].
ANTIANGIOGENIC
–Structural characterization and effect on anti-angiogenic activity of a fucoidan from Sargassum fusiforme.
CANCER
COLON
–Inhibition of the Occurrence and Development of Inflammation-Related Colorectal Cancer by Fucoidan Extracted from Sargassum fusiforme.
LEUKEMIA
–Anti-Leukemia Activity of Polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme via the PI3K/AKT/BAD Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro.
–[Study on the apoptosis of HL-60 human promyeloid leukaemia cells induced by SFPS].
LIVER
–Antitumor effects of polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme against human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells.
LUNG
–Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides inhibit VEGF-A-related angiogenesis and proliferation of lung cancer in vitro and in vivo.
–Sulfated fucoidan FP08S2 inhibits lung cancer cell growth in vivo by disrupting angiogenesis via targeting VEGFR2/VEGF and blocking VEGFR2/Erk/VEGF signaling.
MELANOMA
–Polysaccharide extracted from the Sargassum fusiforme induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of B16F10 melanoma cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
ANTI-MELANOGENIC
–Anti-Melanogenic Activities of Sargassum fusiforme Polyphenol-Rich Extract on alpha-MSH-Stimulated B16F10 Cells via PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK Pathways.
ANTI PHOTO-AGING
–Enhanced In Vitro Anti-Photoaging Effect of Degraded Seaweed Polysaccharides by UV/H2O2 Treatment.
–Structural characterization and anti-photoaging activity of a polysaccharide from Sargassum fusiforme.
HAIR GROWTH
–Effects of Cudrania tricuspidata and Sargassum fusiforme extracts on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice.
You must be logged in to view this content, please login. If you're not a member then Click this link to subscribe
