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New Kreuterbuch, Matthiolus, 1563
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Kreutterbuch, Matthiolus, 1586
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Sibthrop, Smith, Flora Graeca, vol. 5: 1825
Botanical name:
Peganum harmala
Parts used:
Herb; Seeds
Temperature & Taste:
Warm, dry. Pungent, Bitter
"Syrian Rue is Hot and Dry in the Third degree". (Avicenna)
Classifications:
3I. APHRODISIACS
3P. ANTHELMINTIC
TCM:
J. Regulate Qi
S. Worms and Parasites
Constituents:
Seeds contain highest amounts of harmaline, harmine, and vasicine
Root contains highest amounts of acetic acid, proline, lysine, and sucrose
Peganum harmala
Parts used:
Herb; Seeds
Temperature & Taste:
Warm, dry. Pungent, Bitter
"Syrian Rue is Hot and Dry in the Third degree". (Avicenna)
Classifications:
3I. APHRODISIACS
3P. ANTHELMINTIC
TCM:
J. Regulate Qi
S. Worms and Parasites
Constituents:
Seeds contain highest amounts of harmaline, harmine, and vasicine
Root contains highest amounts of acetic acid, proline, lysine, and sucrose
Uses:
1. Opens Obstructions:
-Swelling of the Spleen
-Intermittent Fever, Malaria
-Jaundice
-Stones of the Bladder or Gall Bladder
2. Warms the Kidneys, Promotes Urine:
-retention of Urine; Edema
-excess Sex drive; quells Lust; conversely, has been used as an Aphrodisiac
-promotes retention of Semen (for Premature Ejaculation)
3. Clears Wind and Damp, Eases Pain:
-Rheumatism, Lumbago, Sciatica
-Neuralgia, Paralysis, Hemiplegia, Parkinsonism
-itchy skin
4. Calms the Mind, Settles Wind, Stops Spasms:
-Epilepsy; Insanity; Hysteria
-various forms of Neuralgia (internally and topically)
-Parkinson's Disease, Amnesia
-'They help the Melancholicis, who are in a state of heavy fantasy' (Matthiolus)
-seeds are Narcotic, and Euphoric
5. Stops Cough and Wheezing:
-Cough, Asthma (TCM, Unani)
6. Moves the Blood, Clears Stasis, Promotes Menstruation:
-Amenorrhea; Dysmenorrhea
-induces abortion
-traditionally for diseases of the Heart
-Tumor, Cancer
7. Promotes Milk.
8. Kills Worms:
-particularly useful for Tapeworm
9. Resists Poison:
-"useful against all kinds of Poisons". (Avicenna)
10. Externally:
-ointment for baldness
-applied to Hemorrhoids
-topically for Herpes
-seeds are heated in Olive oil and dropped into the ear to relieve Tinnitus and hearing problems.
-Dental cavities are fumigated with the smoke to relieve pain.
-leaves are applied topically to Rheumatism.
-"good for Arthralgia and Sciatica if used as a paint". (Avicenna)
-strong wash or vinegar tincture are used for Lice
-seeds were used in fumigations to purify the air during epidemics
-topically for Opthalmia
-seeds are burned after childbirth in Middle East to repel Evil forces and protect the infant
Dose:
Powder: 1–4 grams
Infusion or decoction: 2–5 grams, up to 9 grams
Correctives:
1. Vinegar; Oxymel
2. Pear Jam
3. Lemon juice; Citrus fruits (Unani)
Substitutes:
1. "Common Rue is substitute for Syrian Rue". (Avicenna)
2. Rue seed; Carum copticum seed; Radish seed (Unani)
3. White Dittany root
Powder: 1–4 grams
Infusion or decoction: 2–5 grams, up to 9 grams
Correctives:
1. Vinegar; Oxymel
2. Pear Jam
3. Lemon juice; Citrus fruits (Unani)
Substitutes:
1. "Common Rue is substitute for Syrian Rue". (Avicenna)
2. Rue seed; Carum copticum seed; Radish seed (Unani)
3. White Dittany root
Main Combinations:
1. Swelling of the Spleen, Wild Rue seed with Pennyroyal
2. Amenorrhea, Wild Rue seed with Fennel seed and Wormwood
3. Diabetes, Wild Rue seed, Sumac, Nettle
4. Arthritic diseases, Wild Rue seed with Withania, Galangal and Colchicum (Unani)
5. Premature Ejaculation, Wild Rue seed, Poppy seed, Sesame seed (as in Habb e Hindi Mumsik)
6. Heart diseases, Wild Rue, Nigella, Camphor, Pyrethrum, Spikenard, Saffron, Cassia, Costus, Sagapen, made into an Electuary with Honey (Syrian 'Book of Medicine', Budge, 1913)
7. For Sadness and Worry, Wild Rue seed with Saffron, Aloeswood and Peony
8. Cancer, Wild Rue, Arum palaestinum and Curcuma longa (this has been studied for head and neck cancers; see below)
9. Dim-sightedness, triturate Wild Rue seed with Wine, Honey, Chicken Bile, Fennel juice and Saffron for topical use (Dioscorides)
Major Formulas:
Expert Electuary of Catilinae
Pills of Opopanax (De morbus internis curandis)
Pills to Aggregate Greater (Mesue)
Pills to Crumble Kidney Stones (Unani)
Habb e Hindi Mumsik
Cautions:
1. Not used during Pregnancy (induces abortion)
2. Avoid overdose; large doses are toxic, narcotic, hallucinogenic and may cause depression.
3. "It is an intoxicant like wine". (Avicenna)
Intoxicant:
-Peganum Harmala (Aspand) Intoxication; a Case Report.
-Peganum harmala intoxication, a case report.
-Peganum harmala L. Intoxication in a Pregnant Woman.
-A case of beta-carboline alkaloid intoxication following ingestion of Peganum harmala seed extract.
Toxicity:
-Subchronic toxicity and concomitant toxicokinetics of long-term oral administration of total alkaloid extracts from seeds of Peganum harmala Linn: A 28-day study in rats.
-[Peganum harmala L. poisoning and pregnancy: two cases in Morocco].
-[Peganum harmala L. poisoning in Morocco: about 200 cases].
-Syrian rue tea: a recipe for disaster.
-Experimental toxicity of Peganum harmala seeds.
-Abortifacient potential for the epigeal parts of Peganum harmala.
Drug Interaction:
Inhibits P450 enzyme
-Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes 3A4 and 2D6 by β-carboline alkaloids, harmine derivatives.
-Peganum harmala L. differentially modulates cytochrome P450 gene expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
Reduces Male Rat Spermatogenesis & Fertility:
-Histo-functional effects of Peganum harmala on male rat's spermatogenesis and fertility.
Main Preparations used:
1. Not used during Pregnancy (induces abortion)
2. Avoid overdose; large doses are toxic, narcotic, hallucinogenic and may cause depression.
3. "It is an intoxicant like wine". (Avicenna)
Intoxicant:
-Peganum Harmala (Aspand) Intoxication; a Case Report.
-Peganum harmala intoxication, a case report.
-Peganum harmala L. Intoxication in a Pregnant Woman.
-A case of beta-carboline alkaloid intoxication following ingestion of Peganum harmala seed extract.
Toxicity:
-Subchronic toxicity and concomitant toxicokinetics of long-term oral administration of total alkaloid extracts from seeds of Peganum harmala Linn: A 28-day study in rats.
-[Peganum harmala L. poisoning and pregnancy: two cases in Morocco].
-[Peganum harmala L. poisoning in Morocco: about 200 cases].
-Syrian rue tea: a recipe for disaster.
-Experimental toxicity of Peganum harmala seeds.
-Abortifacient potential for the epigeal parts of Peganum harmala.
Drug Interaction:
Inhibits P450 enzyme
-Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes 3A4 and 2D6 by β-carboline alkaloids, harmine derivatives.
-Peganum harmala L. differentially modulates cytochrome P450 gene expression in human hepatoma HepG2 cells.
Reduces Male Rat Spermatogenesis & Fertility:
-Histo-functional effects of Peganum harmala on male rat's spermatogenesis and fertility.
Main Preparations used:
Click the Tabs above for more information on this Medicine
'In native works on Materia Medica, Hurmul is described as an alterative and purifying medicine in atrabilis, and also in diseases supposed to arise from cold humors, such as palsy, lumbago, &c.; it is also said to stimulate the sexual system both in the male and female, increasing the flow of milk and menses in the latter. For administration a concentrated decoction is mixed with sweet oil and honey, or the crushed seeds are boiled in wine down to one-fourth of the original bulk of the latter, and the mixture strained (vide Makhzan-el-Adwiya, article Hurmal). Recently, Dr. P. Gopal, a medical graduate of the Bombay University, has experimented with this drug. He informs me that the infusion or tincture acts as a stimulant emmenagogue, and produces slight intoxication like Cannabis Indica. He gave the tincture
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in 1 drachm doses to a female suffering from amenorrhoea, and it had the effect of producing a free menstrual discharge; he further says that it is sometimes used by the native midwives to procure abortion. Dr. P. Gopal believes that it has properties in common with Ergot, Savin, and Rue. The equal activity of watery and spirituous preparations may be explained by the fact that the red resinous colouring matter is a secondary product formed by the oxidation of the alkaloid Harmaline; it is only produced after digestion of the seeds in spirit. In Persia P. Harmala is called Sipand; when sprinkled upon burning coals it is supposed to avert the malignant influence of the evil eye. Popular allusions to it in Persian books are frequently met with.' (Vegetable Materia Medica of Western India, Dymock, 1885)
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