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Myrobalan, Chebula

Haritaki (Ayurveda)
Kadukkai (Siddha)
He Zi 诃子 (TCM)
Halela (Unani)
A Ru Ra 
ཨ་རུ་ར (Tibetan)
Picture
Picture
Chebulic Myrobalan
Roxburgh, W., Plants of the coast of Coromandel (1795-1819)

Picture
Chebulic, Emblic, Belleric, Citrine (Yellow) and Indian (Black) Myrobalan
A Complete History of Drugs
, Pomet, London, 1748

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 1. Yellow (Citrine) Myrobalan
 2. Black (Indian, Nigrum) Myroabalan
 3. Chebulic Myrobalan
 4. Emblic Myrobalan
 5. Belleric Myrobalan
 Krauterbuch, Lonitzer, 1578


Picture
Left to Right: Yellow Myrobalan, Chebulic Myrobalan, Belleric Myrobalan, Emblic Myrobalan (stoned), Black Myrobalan (Adam, 2017)

Read Myrobalan and the Triphala Formula

Botanical name:
Terminalia chebula

Parts used:
Fruits, stoned
Chebula should be oblong, large, fleshy, with few wrinkles and dark yellowish-brown

Temperature & Taste:
Mildly Cool, Dry in Unani; Neutral in TCM. Bitter, Sour
In Ayurveda and Tibetan Medicine, it is regarded as having all tates, or all tastes except Salty.

Classifications:
2F. PURIFYING.    2O. ASTRINGENT.    2P. HEMOSTATIC.    2S. STRENGTHENING
3C. ALEXIPHARMIC.    3D. CORDIALS & CARDIACS.   
4a. CEPHALIC.    4b. OPTHALMIC.    4c. CARDIAC.    4e. STOMACHIC.    4g. HEPATIC

Uses:
1. Strengthens and Regulates Qi, Astringes Essence:
-chief medicine to regulate Vata-Air-Qi; increases and regulates Qi while settling Wind.
-Chinese writers noted it to stop excess rising Qi
-Rasayana, increasing all 7 Tissues, Qi and Essence, protecting the Yin, and increasing Longevity
-Impotence and Senility; as an Aphrodisiac and Sexual Restorative
-benefits Conception and has a Fetus-stabilising effect (for use in Restless Fetus disorder)
-benefits Brain and Eyesight
-believed to increase Wisdom, Intelligence and strengthens the Senses (Ayurveda)
-Mental Illness and Depression
-benefits the Heart and may be used for Thirst.
-prolonged taking of the decoction turns the hair black (Ben Cao Gang Mu)
-'dissolves accumulation of qi resting in the chest and diaphragm'. (Zhen Quan)

2. Separates the Pure from the Impure:
-Chebulic Myrobalan has a special effect to separate the pure from the impure,
-for Melancholy in Unani and Europe.
-Tumors, Cancer, Rheumatism, chronic skin diseases, as well as various other obstinate and chronic disorders.

3. Astringes to Stop Leakage:
-Diarrhea, Dysentery, Leukorrhea;
-Prolapses and Hernia
-Excess Perspiration.
-Incontinence (Zhen Quan)
-Varicosities, Hemorrhoids and Hernias.
-'stops vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and treats threatened abortion'. (Da Ming)

4. Benefits the Lungs and Throat, Stops Cough:
-Hoarseness of the Throat or Voice, Cough; also Asthma.
-chronic Cough, Asthma with debility in which case it astringes the Lung energy to stop Cough.
-'good for treating coughing with phlegm accumulation and inflamed throat'. (Su Song)
-'pacifies acute Asthma' (Da Ming)
-it can be held in the mouth and the saliva swallowed for acute sore throat. (Ben Cao Gang Mu)

5. Strengthens Stomach, Benefits Digestion:
-benefits Digestion and Assimilation, and improves gastro-intestinal motility
-Obesity, Malabsorption, Anorexia, Indigestion, Poor Appetite and Abdominal distention
-good for Chronic Constipation.

6. Clears Damp, Promotes Urine:
-Dysuria, Strangury, Gravel, Stones, Edema and Ascites, as well as Scrotal Enlargement.
-obstinate Urinary diseases which includes Diabetes. (Ayurveda)

7. Clears Heat and Toxin:
-Fevers including Periodic Fevers; also Erysipelas
-to bring down pathogenic Heat in Fever (Buddhist classic)
-'brings down the ascending Fire'. (Zhu Zhen Heng)

8. Kills Worms and Parasites.

9. Externally:
-applied to Chronic Ulcers and bleeding Piles
-as a gargle for mouth Ulcers and Sores
-crushed in Rose water and applied to the eyes for heat, redness and tearing of the eyes
-decoction is used as a wash for Leukorrhea and Vaginitis


DOSE:
Decoction: 3–9 grams
Powder: 1–3 grams

SUBSTITUTE:
1. Emblic and Belleric Myrobalan
2. Pomegranate rind (Unani)
3. Oak Galls (Waring)

CORRECTIVES:
1. Honey
2. Hot Water (Unani)
3. Almond oil or Ghee
4. Jujube; Sebesten
5. Jaggery
6. Persian Manna (Alhagi)
7. Because they are drying and binding, they were often corrected with Fat broths, or Honey of Raisins, Pulp of Raisins, Cassia Fistula, Manna, Tamarind or some other moistening, lubricating medicine.
8. They are also stopped from being obstructing if a little purgative such as Aloe, Rhubarb or Scammony is added. These then can be used to help open obstructions and purge the Humors.
9. 'That they offend not the Stomach being stopped, they may be infused in Oil of Sweet Almonds, and rubbed with ones hands, and then dried'. (Pemell)
10. In Ayurveda, they are corrected by being mixed with Honey and Ghee. In Unani, Honey and Almond oil are combined. These form a typical base for many Triphala-based Electuary-style medicines.

NOTE:
1. The Myrobalans are some of the important medicines in all Traditional Medicine systems except TCM where only Chebulic Myrobalan is used, and that, sparingly. The special thing about these fruits is that they are regulators, and when used together, they can balance and regulate the Humors. Each has a regulatory effect on one of the Humors: Chebula for Wind; Emblic and Yellow Myrobalan for Blood and Bile; Belleric for Phlegm; Black Myrobalan for Melancholy.
2. The three main Myrobalans: Chebulic, Emblic and Belleric, when used together form Triphala, the Three Fruits. These are both a household remedy and the basis for some of the most complex formulas of Traditional Medicine intended to treat some of the most obstinate diseases.
3. There are a great many Myrobalan based formulas used in Traditional Medicine. These are called Triphala in Ayurveda, Itrafal in Unani and Tryphera in the West.
4. Taken in Infusion, they only purge; in Decoction, they purge and bind (purging more); the Powder purges and binds (binds more).
5. Buddhist texts state that when worn on the skin they can treat all diseases.

PREPARATION:
1. Scorched Chebula:
  If scorched a little, they bind only.
  Roasted Chebula was said to be best when used in people with Qi deficiency. (Ben Cao Gang Mu)
2. Candied Chebula:
  They are sometimes candied which makes them more tonifying. (West)
3. Wine-prepared Chebula:
  Soak the fruit in wine, then steam and dry.

Main Combinations:
Triphala

1. Diarrhea:
i. Chebula with Galls can be combined as an astringent
ii. from Cold, weak Kidneys, Chebula with Nutmeg (TCM)
iii. Chebula with a little Rosemary and Rhubarb (Parkinson)
iv. or Dysentery, Chebula, Rhubarb (1 dram ea.), Red Coral (1 scruple)
2. Gastroenteritis, Dysentery, decoct Chebula (4 parts), Coriander seed, Dill seed (2 parts each), Celery seed, Ginger, Licorice
3. Colitis, Gastroenteritis, Chebula with Coptis Huang Lian, Costus (Mu Xiang)
4. Constipation:
i. from Vata/ Wind, Chebula with Psyllium, Hemp seed
ii. from Pitta/Bile, Chebula with Picrorhiza, Emblic Myrobalan
iii. from Kapha/Phlegm, Chebula with Belleric Myrobalan, Long Pepper
5. Indigestion, Bloating, Chebula with Cardamon, Fennel seed, Celery seed
6. Cough:
i. chronic Cough, Chebula with Almond kernel (Xing Ren), fresh Ginger (TCM)
ii. Cough and Asthma, Chebula with Adhatoda, Tylophora, Long Pepper (Ayurveda)
iii. Cough from Lung deficiency, Chebula with Ginseng (Li Shi Zhen)
7. Loss of Voice:
i. Chebula, Clove, Tabasheer, Licorice
ii. Chebula with Platycodon Jie Geng, Licorice (TCM)
8. To separate the pure from the impure, Chebula can be taken with Agrimony and Rhubarb (West)
9. To regulate the flow of Qi in the body, stop Wind, and anchor the Qi in the lower abdomen ('Dan Tian') Chebula can be taken with Aloeswood, Cinnamon, Nutmeg and Clove.
10. To stop rising Qi, Chebula with Citrus Ju Pi and Magnolia Hou Po (Li Shi Zhen)
11. Sciatica, Lumbago:
i. Chebula, Comfrey
ii. Chebula with Bdellium, Turmeric, Frankincense, Cinnamon, Clove
12. Anal Prolapse:
i. Chebula, Bupleurum Chai Hu, Atractylodes Bai Zhu
ii. Chebula with Poppy capsule, Orange peel (Ju Pi), Ginger (Gan Jiang)
13. To increase Qi and strengthen the Brain, Heart and Stomach, confected Chebula can be taken with Withania
14. As a Brain and Heart stimulant and tonic, Black and Chebulic Myrobalans, Frankincense, Tabasheer, Sandalwood, Chicory seed, Pepper, Ginger (as in Electuary of Chebula of Unani)
15. Diabetes:
i. Chebula, Myrrh
ii. Chebula, Shilajit
16. Poor Eyesight, confected Chebula, conserve of Eyebright, conserve of Betony, conserve of Rosemary, Elecampane (Wirtzung)
17. Cataract, Yellow, Chebulic and Black Myrobalans with Aloe, Stoechas, Wormwood, Agaric, Rhubarb, Asarum, Mastic, Bdellium, Colocynth (as in Cataract Pills of Unani)
18. Dizziness, preserved Chebula and Emblic Myrobalan, preserved Nutmegs, with Currants, Licorice, Bugloss water, Honey of Roses, Cinnamon
19. Ulcers, apply Chebula with Mastic to dry and heal them

Major Formulas:
Decoction of Myrobalan (Mesue)
Pills of Fumitory (Avicenna)
Pills for Migraine (Galen)
Pills for Mixed Humors (Mesue)
‘Pills without which I would not be’ (Nicholas)
Arabian Pills (Nicholas)
Electuary of Life (Arnold de Villa Nova)
Electuarium Alcharif (Mesue)
Electuary of Micleta (Nicholas)

Triphala Electuary of Raisins (Unani)
Triphera of Dodder of Thyme (Mesue)
Triphala Electuary of Dodder (Unani)
Triphala Electuary of Fennel Seeds (Unani)
Triphala Electuary for Epilepsy (Itrifal Zabeeb)
Triphera Persica (Mesue)
Triphera of the Saracens (Triphera Saracenica Magna)
Triphera Minor (Triphera Phoenonis) (Mesue)
Triphala Electuary Lesser (Unani)
Triphala Electuary Greater (Unani)
Triphala Electuary to Purge Phlegm and Black Bile

Nutmeg Powder (Jatiphaladi Churna) (Ayurveda)
Frankincense 10 (Spos dkar 10) (Tibetan Medicine)

Cautions:
1. Use carefully in Pregnancy
2. Careful in Yin deficiency and excess Heat conditions
3. Should not be used in acute Cough (Li Shi Zhen)

CAUTIONS FOR THE MYROBALANS IN GENERAL:
1. Mesue said the only deleterious effect of the Myrobalans was their potential to create obstruction. This is why they are regularly mixed with Ghee or Oil and Honey in Ayurveda and Unani. They are also used with medicines to prevent likelihood of obstruction such as Stoechas, Indian Spikenard, Ginger or Pepper etc.
2. Pemell said they should not be used in Obstruction or Fever. They are sometimes used in formulas in these cases with appropriate medicines.

TOXICITY:
5000 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic of T. chebula is safe in acute toxicity studies.
In Sub-acute toxicity, over 2700 mg/kg was safe.

Main Preparations used:
Confected Chebula

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'Dutt (Hindu Materia Medica) informs us that Chebulic myrobalans, in Sanskrit Haritaki, Abhaya, and Pathya were highly extolled by the ancient Hindus as a powerful alterative and tonic. They have received the names of Pranada or life-giver, Sudha or nectar, Bhishakpriya or Physician's favourite, and so forth.* A mythological origin has also been attributed to the tree. "It is said that when Indra was drinking nectar in heaven a drop of the fluid fell on the earth and produced the plant." Sanskrit writers describe seven varieties of Haritaki, which however are nothing more than the same fruit in different stages of maturity. Very large fruit are considered particularly valuable, and fetch a fancy price. Chebulic myrobalans are considered to be laxative, stomachic, tonic, and alterative. They are prescribed alone or in combination with Emblic and Belleric myrobalans in a vast number of diseases, chiefly those affecting the chest and abdomen. The three myrobalans together are called triphala in Sanskrit (the three fruits). Various original receipts for their administration will be found in Dutt's Hindu Materia Medica. Myrobalans were known to the early Arabian writers, and through them to the Greek writer Actuarius, who mentions five kinds. Nicolas Myrepsus also notices them. The author of the Makhzan-el-Adwiya, on the subject of Chebulic myrobalans, says that the:

  very young fruit, about the size of cummin seeds, are
    called Halileh-i-Zira;
  when about the size of a grain of barley, Halileh-i-jawi;
  when of the size of a raisin, Halileh-i-Zangi or Halileh-
    i-Hindi
;  
  when half arrived at maturity and yellowish, Halileh-
    i-chini
;
  when still further advanced, Halileh-i-asfar; and lastly,
  when quite mature, Halileh-i-Kabuli.


Of these six varieties of Chebulic myrobalans the first, third, and last only are in general use, but the others are occasionally to be met with in the Bombay shops. The
Mahometans, like the Hindus, attribute a great many fanciful properties to the drug; shortly, we may say, that the ripe fruit is chiefly used as a purgative, and is considered to remove bile, phlegm, and adust bile; it should be combined with aromatics, such as fennel seeds, caraways, &c.

The unripe fruit (Halileh-i-Hindi) is most valued on account of its astringent and aperient properties, and is a useful medicine in dysentery and diarrhoea; it should also be given with aromatics. The first and second kind are supposed to have the same properties as the third in a less degree, and the 4th and 5th the same as the 6th in a less degree. The best way of administering myrobalans is to make them into a conserve with honey or sugar; two or three of the mature fruit are a sufficient purgative for an adult. Ainslie notices their use as an application to aphthae. In the Pharmacopoeia of India Dr. Waring mentions his having found six of the mature fruit an efficient and safe purgative, producing four or five copious stools, unattended by griping, nausea or other ill effects; probably those used by him were not of the largest kind. Twining (Diseases of Bengal, Vol. I.,p. 407,) speaks very favourably of the immature fruit as a tonic and aperient in enlargements of the abdominal viscera. I have found them a useful medicine in diarrhoea and dysentery, given in doses of a drachm twice a day. Roxburgh tells us that the tender leaves, while scarce unfolded, are said to be punctured by an insect, and its eggs deposited therein, which by the extravasation of the sap, become enlarged into hollow galls of various shapes and sizes, but rarely exceeding an inch in diameter. They are powerfully astringent, and make as good ink as oak galls. They also yield the chintz painters on the coast of Coromandel their best and most durable yellow. They are called by the Tamils Kadu-cai, and by the Telingas Aldi-cai, and are very like the Faba Bengal-ensis of our Materia Medica (Fl. Ind. II., 435.) (
Vegetable Materia Medica of Western India, Dymock, 1885)
GENERAL / REVIEW:
–Haritaki (Chebulic myrobalan) and its varieties
–The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research
–The Genus Terminalia (Combretaceae): An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review
–Therapeutic Uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic Medicine

ANTI-BACTERIAL:
–Dyeing and Antibacterial Properties of Chemically Recycled PET Thermal-Bonded Nonwovens Dyed with Terminalia chebula Dye
–Antibacterial and antioxidant effect of ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans
–Anti Bacterial Efficacy of Terminalia Chebula, Terminalia Bellirica, Embilica Officinalis and Triphala on Salivary Streptococcus Mutans Count – A Linear Randomized Cross Over Trial
–Extraction, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and screening of fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. for its antimicrobial potential
–Antibacterial, antibiofilm and cytotoxic activities of Terminalia fagifolia Mart. extract and fractions

ANTI-VIRAL
–Anti-HSV-2 activity of Terminalia chebula Retz extract and its constituents, chebulagic and chebulinic acids
–Antiviral Potential of Selected Medicinal Herbs and Their Isolated Natural Products
–Herbal Gel Formulation Developed for Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Activity Also Inhibits In Vitro HSV-2 Infection
–Hydrolyzable Tannins (Chebulagic Acid and Punicalagin) Target Viral Glycoprotein-Glycosaminoglycan Interactions To Inhibit Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Entry and Cell-to-Cell Spread
–Identification of Chebulinic Acid and Chebulagic Acid as Novel Influenza Viral Neuraminidase Inhibitors

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
–Terminalia albida treatment improves survival in experimental cerebral malaria through reactive oxygen species scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties
–Terminalia Chebula Attenuates DMBA/Croton Oil-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Swiss albino Mouse Skin

ANTI-OXIDANT
–Optimization of total phenolic content from Terminalia chebula Retz. fruits using response surface methodology and evaluation of their antioxidant activities
–Antioxidant and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Terminalia chebula: Cell-free In vitro and In silico Studies
–Comparative study of the antioxidant and reactive oxygen species scavenging properties in the extracts of the fruits of Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis
–Antioxidant Activity and Inhibitory Effect of Some Commonly Used Medicinal Plants Against Lipid Per-Oxidation in Mice Brain
–Antibacterial and antioxidant effect of ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula on Streptococcus mutans
–Terminalia Chebula Attenuates DMBA/Croton Oil-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Swiss albino Mouse Skin
–Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Neuroprotective Effect of Terminalia chebula Retzius Extracts
–Standardized Terminalia chebula Fruit Extract: A Natural Ingredient That Provides Long-Lasting Antioxidant Protection and Reverses Visible Signs of Pollution-Induced Skin Damage
–Protective effects of chebulic acid from Terminalia chebula Retz. against t-BHP-induced oxidative stress by modulations of Nrf2 and its related enzymes in HepG2 cells
–Comparative analysis of antioxidant and phenolic content of chloroform extract/fraction of Terminalia chebula
–Comparative analysis of antioxidant and phenolic content of chloroform extract/fraction of Terminalia chebula

IMMUNOMODULATORY:
–Immunomodulatory Effects of Triphala and its Individual Constituents: A Review

ANALGESIC:
–Evaluation of the Analgesic Activity of Standardized Aqueous Extract of Terminalia chebula in Healthy Human Participants Using Hot Air Pain Model
–A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to evaluate analgesic activity of Terminalia chebula in healthy human volunteers using a mechanical pain model

ANTI-TUSSIVE:
–Antitussive Efficacy and Safety Profile of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Terminalia chebula
–Antitussive Activity of the Water-Extracted Carbohydrate Polymer from Terminalia chebula on Citric Acid-Induced Cough

HYPOLIPIDEMIC / CHOLESTEROL
–HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF HARITAKI (TERMINALIA CHEBULA) IN ATHEROGENIC DIET INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIC RATS
–Hypocholesterolemic effect of Terminalia chebula fruit (Myrobalan) in mice

CARDIOPROTECTIVE:
–Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against lysosomal enzyme alterations in isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in rats

HEPATOPROTECTIVE:
–Evaluation of the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits on diazinon-induced liver toxicity and oxidative stress in rats
–Hepatoprotective Effect of Terminalia chebula against t-BHP-Induced Acute Liver Injury in C57/BL6 Mice

RENOPROTECTIVE:
–Antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of the chloroform extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

DIABETES / HYPERGLYCEMIA
–Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect of Chebulagic Acid from the Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz
–Antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of the chloroform extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
–The anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of a combination of Commiphora mukul, Commiphora myrrha and Terminalia chebula in diabetic rats
–Effects of an Herbal Combination on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
–Tibetan Medicines for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy
–Antihyperglycemic effect of water extract of dry fruits ofTerminalia chebula in experimental diabetes mellitus
–Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Diabetes by the Marakh Sect of the Garo Tribe Living in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh
NEUROPROTECTIVE:
–NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA EXTRACTS AND ELLAGIC ACID IN PC12 CELLS
–Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Neuroprotective Effect of Terminalia chebula Retzius Extracts
–Effect of Four Medicinal Plants on Amyloid-β Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y Cells

AXIOLYTIC / ANTI-DEPRESSIVE:
–Anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects of ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula in mice

ANTI-AMNESIA:
–Terminalia chebula extract prevents scopolamine-induced amnesia via cholinergic modulation and anti-oxidative effects in mice

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
–A Review on Potential Mechanisms of Terminalia chebula in Alzheimer's Disease
–In-vitro evaluation of selected Egyptian traditional herbal medicines for treatment of alzheimer disease

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE:
–Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit Extracts Inhibit Bacterial Triggers of Some Autoimmune Diseases and Potentiate the Activity of Tetracycline

CANCER:
–Evaluating the Anticancer Potential of Ethanolic Gall Extract of Terminalia chebula (Gaertn.) Retz. (Combretaceae)
–Assessment of the Cytotoxic Activity of Triphala: A Semisolid Traditional Formulation on HepG2 Cancer Cell Line
ESOPHAGEAL
–Gallic acid from Terminalia chebula inhibited the growth of esophageal carcinoma cells by suppressing the Hippo signal pathway
LIVER
–Assessment of the Cytotoxic Activity of Triphala: A Semisolid Traditional Formulation on HepG2 Cancer Cell Line
NEUROBLASTOMA:
–The Role of Monocarboxylate Transporters and Their Chaperone CD147 in Lactate Efflux Inhibition and the Anticancer Effects of Terminalia chebula in Neuroblastoma Cell Line N2-A
RETINOBLASTOMA:
–Chebulagic acid from Terminalia chebula causes G1 arrest, inhibits NFκB and induces apoptosis in retinoblastoma cells

ANTI-ANGIOGENIC
–Inhibition of Angiogenesis In Vitro by Chebulagic Acid: A COX-LOX Dual Inhibitor

CHELATING EFFECT
–Reducing power and iron chelating property of Terminalia chebula (Retz.) alleviates iron induced liver toxicity in mice

ARTHRITIS
–Anti-Arthritic and Analgesic Effect of NDI10218, a Standardized Extract of Terminalia chebula, on Arthritis and Pain Model
–Anti-osteoarthritic Effects of an Herbal Composition LI73014F2 on Interleukin-1β-induced Primary Human Articular Chondrocytes
–Anti-Arthritic Effect of Chebulanin on Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice
–Medicinal plants with potential anti-arthritic activity

HYPERURICEMIA
–A randomized, double-blind, placebo-, and positive-controlled clinical pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of standardized aqueous extracts of Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellerica in subjects with hyperuricemia

ULCER
–A Review on Antiulcer Activity of Few Indian Medicinal Plants

COLITIS / INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
–Preparation of Herbal Formulation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on In Vitro Screening and In Vivo Evaluation in a Mouse Model of Experimental Colitis
–Beneficial Effect of Herbal Formulation KM1608 on Inflammatory Bowl Diseases: A Preliminary Experimental Study

OBESITY
–Effects of dietary supplementation with a standardized aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula fruit (AyuFlex®) on joint mobility, comfort, and functional capacity in healthy overweight subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

ANTIPLASMODIAL:
–Potent antiplasmodial extracts and fractions from Terminalia mantaly and Terminalia superba

MALARIA:
–Terminalia albida treatment improves survival in experimental cerebral malaria through reactive oxygen species scavenging and anti-inflammatory properties
–In vitro antileishmanial and antimalarial activity of selected plants of Nepal

PERIODONTAL DISEASE / CARIES:
–Use of ethanol extracts of Terminalia chebula to prevent periodontal disease induced by dental plaque bacteria
–Anti Cariogenic Effect of Terminalia Chebula
–An in-vivo comparative evaluation of two herbal extracts Emblica officinalis and Terminalia Chebula with chlorhexidine as an anticaries agent: A preliminary study
–Role of Triphala in dentistry
–Design and study of anticaries effect of different medicinal plants against S.mutans glucosyltransferase
–Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Four Different Plant Extracts against Cariogenic Bacteria: An In Vitro Study
–Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of (between) 0.2% Chlorhexidine and Herbal Mouthwash on Salivary Streptococcus mutans: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
–Design and study of anticaries effect of different medicinal plants against S.mutans glucosyltransferase
–Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study

SKIN DAMAGE:
–Standardized Terminalia chebula Fruit Extract: A Natural Ingredient That Provides Long-Lasting Antioxidant Protection and Reverses Visible Signs of Pollution-Induced Skin Damage

WOUND HEALING
–Effect of Extracts of Terminalia chebula on Proliferation of Keratinocytes and Fibroblasts Cells: An Alternative Approach for Wound Healing
–Tannin extracts from immature fruits of Terminalia chebula Fructus Retz. promote cutaneous wound healing in rats


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