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Armenian Earth, Red Earth, Chi Shi Zhi 赤石脂Bole Armeniac
Bura Armani (Unani) Chi Shi Zhi (TCM, related Earth) Gairika is Red Ochre, used in Ayurveda. The Earthy–Clay variety is basically the same Red Earth. |
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Ortus Sanitatis, Beck, 1517
Red Earth (Adam, 2016)
Mineralogical name:
Kaolinitum rubrum; Halloysitum rubrum; Hydrated Aluminium Silicate
Parts used:
Cleansed red clay-earth
Red Earth from a numbers of Sources was traditionally used. Earth of Lemnos, Armenian Earth and Sealed Earth could all be red.
Temperature & Taste:
Cool, dry. Sweet, Sour. (Red Earth has been classed as Neutral by some Unani texts; Red Halloysite is classed as Warm in TCM)
Constituents:
Aluminium silicate, Iron oxide, Magnesium oxide
Kaolinitum rubrum; Halloysitum rubrum; Hydrated Aluminium Silicate
Parts used:
Cleansed red clay-earth
Red Earth from a numbers of Sources was traditionally used. Earth of Lemnos, Armenian Earth and Sealed Earth could all be red.
Temperature & Taste:
Cool, dry. Sweet, Sour. (Red Earth has been classed as Neutral by some Unani texts; Red Halloysite is classed as Warm in TCM)
Constituents:
Aluminium silicate, Iron oxide, Magnesium oxide
Uses:
1. Stops Leakages from the Intestines (West, TCM):
-chronic Diarrhea and Dysentery-like disorders, especially if there is blood and mucus in the stool
-irritability of the Stomach and Jaundice
2. Clears Heat, Stops Bleeding (West, TCM):
-various types of bleeding in the lower body, including excess Menstruation, Uterine Bleeding, Blood in the Stool, and also for a bleeding, prolapsed rectum (TCM);
-in the West it is used for Uterine Bleeding, Spitting of Blood, Nose Bleeding etc.
-Unani regards it highly for Wounds and Ulcers of the Lungs, Stomach and Intestines.
-effective when applied topically to stop Bleeding.
-basically all red earths are used for Bleeding.
3. Clears Heat, Resists Poison:
-various Poisons and Epidemic diseases. (West, Unani)
-'removes the Heat of Fever in the same way as the Full Moon' (Unani)
4. Calms and Benefits the Heart:
-regarded as a Heart tonic in Unani and Galenic Medicines.
-Unani texts regard it as Exhilarative
-Old TCM texts said prolonged usage made the body light, replenishes Marrow, tonifies Qi, make one strong, and prolongs Life.
5. Externally:
-applied to chronic Sores, Swellings and Ulcers, including those of the mouth (West, TCM)
-Hemorrhoids
-Itching and Genital Erosion
-applied to cleanse and heal Wounds
-a paste can be applied to Insect Bites. (West, TCM)
DOSE:
With warm Milk against Poison (Ayurveda)
10–20 grams in decoction, up to 60 grams;
Of the Powder: 500ms–3 grams; it has been used in doses of up to 20 grams of the powder.
SUBSTITUTE:
Red Ochre
CORRECTIVES:
1. Mastic
2. Honey
3. Tragacanth
4. Rose water
PREPARATION:
1. Red Earth was usually washed in Western practice. It is less purging when washed. Washing requires adding water or wine, stirring well, allowing to settle, then pouring off the liquid and pouring on fresh liquid. This is repeating until there is not more color, usually 15 or 20 times. Then it can be washed a further 10 times with Rose water. This makes it a stronger Cordial, and better for the Heart.
2. In Ayurveda, Red Earth is triturated with Cows Milk for 3 days, or it may be roasted with a little Ghee.
3. Due to the presence of bacteria and fungal spores in some samples, heating the earth in an oven at 100 degrees for an hour is advisable.
COMMENT:
1. In all traditions, various clay-earths have been used. In general, they are differentiated by their color. The two most used Earths are the White (Earth of Lemnos, Kaolin) and Red (Armenian Earth, Red Halloysite or Red Kaolin). Due their their dry and astringent nature, they are used primarily for leakages including Diarrhea, and for various types of Bleeding. As with Coral, the white was preferred for Leakages such as Diarrhea and Leukorrhea, while the Red is used for Bleeding, Dysentery with Blood, Uterine Bleeding etc. In practice, they are often combined.
2. The other main Classical use is against Poison, and the clay-earths have been shown to bind to and absorb various toxins and toxic metabolites as well as fermented foodstuff in the intestines. In addition, clay-earths have demonstrated strong chelating effects against several heavy metals including Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Mercury (Oyanedel-Craver & Smith, J Hazard Mater., 2006). Various clay-earths have shown anti-bacterial activity including MRSA superbugs (Haydel et al., J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2008). Red Earth from Jordan was found to have anti-bacterial effects and this was at least partly associated with antibiotic-producing bacteria in the soil samples (Falkinham et al., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009).
With warm Milk against Poison (Ayurveda)
10–20 grams in decoction, up to 60 grams;
Of the Powder: 500ms–3 grams; it has been used in doses of up to 20 grams of the powder.
SUBSTITUTE:
Red Ochre
CORRECTIVES:
1. Mastic
2. Honey
3. Tragacanth
4. Rose water
PREPARATION:
1. Red Earth was usually washed in Western practice. It is less purging when washed. Washing requires adding water or wine, stirring well, allowing to settle, then pouring off the liquid and pouring on fresh liquid. This is repeating until there is not more color, usually 15 or 20 times. Then it can be washed a further 10 times with Rose water. This makes it a stronger Cordial, and better for the Heart.
2. In Ayurveda, Red Earth is triturated with Cows Milk for 3 days, or it may be roasted with a little Ghee.
3. Due to the presence of bacteria and fungal spores in some samples, heating the earth in an oven at 100 degrees for an hour is advisable.
COMMENT:
1. In all traditions, various clay-earths have been used. In general, they are differentiated by their color. The two most used Earths are the White (Earth of Lemnos, Kaolin) and Red (Armenian Earth, Red Halloysite or Red Kaolin). Due their their dry and astringent nature, they are used primarily for leakages including Diarrhea, and for various types of Bleeding. As with Coral, the white was preferred for Leakages such as Diarrhea and Leukorrhea, while the Red is used for Bleeding, Dysentery with Blood, Uterine Bleeding etc. In practice, they are often combined.
2. The other main Classical use is against Poison, and the clay-earths have been shown to bind to and absorb various toxins and toxic metabolites as well as fermented foodstuff in the intestines. In addition, clay-earths have demonstrated strong chelating effects against several heavy metals including Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Mercury (Oyanedel-Craver & Smith, J Hazard Mater., 2006). Various clay-earths have shown anti-bacterial activity including MRSA superbugs (Haydel et al., J. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2008). Red Earth from Jordan was found to have anti-bacterial effects and this was at least partly associated with antibiotic-producing bacteria in the soil samples (Falkinham et al., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009).
Main Combinations:
Red Earth is often combined with Earth of Lemnos or Sealed Earth for Diarrhea, Dysentery, all leakages and bleeding.
1. To stop Bleeding and clear Heat and Inflammations, Red Earth with Earth of Lemnos, Gum Arabic, Dragons Blood, Rose, Hematite, Red Coral, Amber, Tabasheer, Pomegranate flowers (as in Troches of Earth of Lemnos)
2. For Epidemic and Infectious diseases including Measles and Small Pox:
i. Red Earth with Earth of Lemnos, Red Coral, White Coral, Tabasheer, Pearl, Cinnamon, Sandalwood (as in Red Hungarian Powder)
ii. Red Earth with Sealed Earth, Dittany, Tormentil, Angelica, Gentian, Zedoary, Burnt Deer Horn, Citron peel, Red Coral (as in Bezoardic Powder without Gems of Frankfurt)
3. Bleeding:
i. Red Earth with Bistort (Unani)
ii. from Heat, take Red Earth with Sandalwood (Ayurveda)
4. Against Spitting Blood, Red Earth with Earth of Lemnos, Hematite, Bistort, Henbane seed, Lemon peel, Poppy seed, Sugar of Roses.
5. Uterine Bleeding, Red Earth with Cuttlefish bone and Cinnamon (TCM)
6. Diarrhea, Dysentery:
i. Water solution of Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi) for dysentery and severe diarrhea with mucus or blood (Ben Cao Gang Mu)
ii. lingering Diarrhea, Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi), Ginger, Black Pepper, Vinegar, with cooked Rice, formed into Pills. (Ben Cao Gang Mu)
iii. from Spleen and Stomach deficiency, calcined Red Earth (Chi Shi Zhi), with Ginger, steamed Cake. (Ben Cao Gang Mu)
7. Diabetes:
i. Red Earth, Tabasheer, Rose, Lettuce seed, Purslane seed, Pomegranate flower (Unani)
ii. Gum Arabic, Armenian Earth, Pomegranate flowers, Sumac, Calamus, Starch (each 5 drams), Tragacanth, Lettuce seed, Purslane seed (each 3 drams), White Sandalwood (1 dram)
8. Astringent Powder: Armenian Earth, Pomegranate flower (equal parts)
9. As a paste with Turmeric, it is applied to Urticaria. (Ayurveda)
Major Formulas:
Powder for Bleeding of Galen
Powder for Excess Menstruation (Serapion)
Powder for Excessive Menstrual Bleeding (Wirtzung)
Red Hungarian Powder
Astringent Pills
Pills for Excess Menstruation (Gabelhover)
Pills Against Fluxes (Nicolas)
Pills for Arthritis (Wirtzung)
Troches of Coral (Galen)
Troches of Gordon (Trochisci Gordonii)
Troches of Earth of Lemnos (Trochisci de Terra Lemna)
Troches for Kidney Ulcers (Riverius)
Confection of Hyacinth (Confectio de Hyacintho)
Electuary of Coral (Diacorallion) (Nicholas) Electuary of Scordium
Tincture for Blood Stagnation
Cautions:
1. Not used in acute Diarrhea (TCM)
2. Generally not used in pregnancy
Main Preparations used:
Prepared Red Earth
1. Not used in acute Diarrhea (TCM)
2. Generally not used in pregnancy
Main Preparations used:
Prepared Red Earth